Darussalam · Volume 2
12. THE BOOK OF MARRIAGESunan Abi Dawud Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 2083 ¦ الجزء: 2 ¦ الصفحة: 229
Source no. 2083 · Volume 1 · Page 2
Sahih
صحيح
Source no. 1817 · Volume 6 · Page 320
Sahih
(قلت: حديث صحيح، وصححه ابن معين وابن الجارود وابن حبان والحاكم والذهبي وابن عدى وابن الجوزي، وقال الترمذي: "حديث حسن")
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2083. ‘Āishah narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: “Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian — then her marriage is void,” (he repeated it) three times, and he added: “So if he consummated the marriage with her, she is entitled to the dowry because of what he has attained from her. And if they differ, then the Sultān is the guardian of the one who does not have one.” (Ṣaḥīḥ)
2083 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهَا، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ»، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ «فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَالْمَهْرُ لَهَا بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهَا، فَإِنْ تَشَاجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ».
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A woman's close relatives who decide important matters relating to her are called "legal guardians" (Awliyā', singular: Wali). Her paternal relatives (ʿAṣabah) have priority over her other relatives, according to most scholars. In case she has no relative, the ruler is her Wali (legal guardian). The ruling that no adult girl or woman may be married without the permission of her legal guardian is based on the textual evidence in the Qur'an and Hadīth. Abū Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "No woman should arrange the marriage of another woman, and no woman should arrange her own marriage. The adulteress is the who arranges her own marriage." (Sunan Ibn Mājah, Hadīth 1882).