English translation
2299. It was reported from Humaid bin Nāfi', from Zainab bint Salamah that she informed him: "I visited Umm Habībah when her father Abū Sufyān had died. She called for some perfume that had some yellow Khalūq in it, or something else, and she put its oil on a little girl, then rubbed it on her cheeks. She then said: 'I swear by Allāh, I have no desire for perfume, except that I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ say: "It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allāh and the Last Day that she mourns for a dead person more than three days, except for her husband (in which case she mourns) four months and ten days.'" (Zainab continued:) And I also visited Zainab bint Jahsh when her brother had died, and she called for perfume and applied it. She then said: 'I swear by Allāh, I have no desire for perfume, except that I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ say, while he was standing on the Minbar: "It is not
permissible for a woman who believes in Allāh and the Last Day that she mourns for a dead person more than three days, except for her husband (in which case she mourns) four months and ten days.” (Zainab continued:) And I heard my mother, Umm Salamah, say: ‘A woman came to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ and said: “O Messenger of Allāh, my daughter’s husband has died, and her eyes hurt, so can we apply kohl to them?” The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: “No,” twice, or thrice, repeating it. Then he said: “It is only four months and ten days. And one of you — in the days of Jāhiliyyah — would throw camel dung after one year!”
Humaid said: “So asked to Zainab: ‘What does it mean to “throw camel dung after one year?”’ Zainab replied: ‘In the past, when a woman’s husband had died, she would enter a Hifsh, and wear her worst clothes, and would not touch any perfume or anything else until an entire year had passed. Then an animal would be brought to her — a donkey, or sheep, or bird — and she would cleanse (Taftadd) herself with it.[1] And hardly would she cleanse (Taftadd) herself with anything except that it would die. She would then exit (that house), and camel dung would be brought to her, and she would fling it away. After that, she could use anything, perfume or otherwise, that she
pleased.” (Saḥīḥ)
Abū Dāwūd said: A Hifsh is a small house.
Arabic text
2299 - حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ بِهَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُوهَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، فَدَعَتْ بِطِيبٍ فِيهِ صُفْرَةٌ خَلُوقٌ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، فَدَهَنَتْ مِنْهُ جَارِيَةً، ثُمَّ مَسَّتْ بِعَارِضَيْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا لِي بِالطِّيبِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا»
2299 - قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: وَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ أَخُوهَا فَدَعَتْ بِطِيبٍ فَمَسَّتْ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا لِي بِالطِّيبِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ، إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا»
2299 - قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: وَسَمِعْتُ أُمِّي أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ تَقُولُ: جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ ابْنَتِي تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا، وَقَدِ اشْتَكَتْ عَيْنَهَا أَفَنَكْحَلُهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا»، مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ، يَقُولُ: «لَا»، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَرْمِي بِالْبَعْرَةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْحَوْلِ»، قَالَ حُمَيْدٌ: فَقُلْتُ لِزَيْنَبَ: وَمَا تَرْمِي بِالْبَعْرَةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْحَوْلِ؟ فَقَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: «كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا دَخَلَتْ حِفْشًا، وَلَبِسَتْ شَرَّ ثِيَابِهَا، وَلَمْ تَمَسَّ طِيبًا وَلَا شَيْئًا، حَتَّى تَمُرَّ بِهَا سَنَةٌ، ثُمَّ تُؤْتَى بِدَابَّةٍ حِمَارٍ أَوْ شَاةٍ أَوْ طَائِرٍ فَتَفْتَضُّ بِهِ، فَقَلَّمَا تَفْتَضُّ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا مَاتَ، ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ فَتُعْطَى بَعْرَةً فَتَرْمِي بِهَا، ثُمَّ تُرَاجِعُ بَعْدُ مَا شَاءَتْ مِنْ طِيبٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ»، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: " الْحِفْشُ: بَيْتٌ صَغِيرٌ "
