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English translation
2922. It was reported from Sa'eed bin Jubair, from Ibn 'Abbās, regarding Allāh's Saying: (To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood), give them their due portion) He said: "When the Muhājirūn came to Al-Madīnah they used to inherit from the Anṣār instead of their blood relatives, due to the brotherhood which the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ had established between them. When the following Verse was revealed: 'And to everyone We have appointed heirs of that (property) left,'[1] it abrogated: (To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood), give them their due portion) — of help, advice and cooperation, an a will would be made for him, but the right of inheritance had gone (was abrogated)." (Saḥīḥ)
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Commentary
The Messenger of Allāh had established the relationship of brotherhood between individuals among the Anṣār and Muhājirūn. It was on the basis of this pledge of brotherhood that the two parties became heirs of each other, superseding the relationships based on genealogy and adoption. Another customary way of mutual inheritance prevailing in pre-Islamic Arabia was through tribal alliances that bound the individuals, as well as the tribes to help each other in all exigencies. The custom continued for a time early in Islam. Allāh abolished all such relationships once and for all by apportioning the shares of inheritors in the Qur'ān. However, the obligation to help each other on moral grounds and for the sake of Islamic brotherhood, or for purposes of implementing the lawful will of a person, if any, is still in force in Islam.
