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Sunan Abi Dawud

Hadith 2068

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Sunan Abi Dawud · Hadith 2068

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Women Whom It Is Disliked To Combine Between (In Marriage)

English source

Darussalam · Volume 2

12. THE BOOK OF MARRIAGE

Sunan Abi Dawud Darussalam English translation

Arabic source
Shamela Arabic edition (opens in a new tab)

الحديث: 2068 ¦ الجزء: 2 ¦ الصفحة: 224

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Text and translation

English translation

2068. ‘Urwah bin Az-Zubair asked ‘Aishah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ regarding the Verse: And if you fear that you will not treat orphan (girls) justly, then marry those whom you please of (other) women.[1] She replied: “O nephew, this is regarding an orphaned girl who is with her guardian, and whose wealth is joined with her guardian's wealth. So the guardian is attracted to her wealth and beauty, and wishes to marry her without being just, regarding her dowry, by giving her less than what others would give her. This Verse prohibited such guardians from marrying them except if they were just with them and gave them the highest dowry that they would otherwise get. And they were commanded to marry any woman that they pleased besides them." ‘Aishah then said: “But after this Verse, the people again asked the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ regarding them, and Allāh revealed: And they ask you regarding women. Say: ‘Allāh gives you decisive verdicts regarding them, and what has been recited to you in the Book regarding orphaned girls whom you do not give what is due to them, and desire (not) to marry them...”[1] ‘Aishah responded: “And what has been recited in the Book by Allāh is the first Verse, in which Allāh says: And if you fear that you will not treat orphan (girls) justly, then marry those whom you please of (other) women. And in the other Verse, Allāh says: ‘...desire (not) to marry them...’, which is when one does not desire to marry the orphaned girl which is under his care, when she is of little beauty and wealth. So they have been prohibited from marrying off those orphaned girls who are of little beauty and wealth except with justice. (This they have been reminded of) due to their not having any need for them.” And Yūnus said that Rabī‘ah said regarding the Verse: And if you feel that you will not be able to deal justly with orphans..., “It is as if He is saying: ‘If you fear such, then leave (marrying) them, for I have allowed four (wives) for you.’” (Ṣaḥīḥ)

Arabic text

2068 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} [النساء: 3]، قَالَتْ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا فَتُشَارِكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ، فَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا، فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا فَيُعْطِيَهَا مِثْلَ مَا يُعْطِيهَا غَيْرُهُ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ، وَيَبْلُغُوا بِهِنَّ أَعْلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ، وَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهُنَّ، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَفْتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِيهِنَّ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ، قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ، أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء: 127] قَالَتْ: وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ فِيهَا {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} [النساء: 3]. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي الْآيَةِ الْآخِرَةِ {وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء: 127] هِيَ رَغْبَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ عَنْ يَتِيمَتِهِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِهِ حِينَ تَكُونُ قَلِيلَةَ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهَا وَجَمَالِهَا مِنْ يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا بِالْقِسْطِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ. قَالَ يُونُسُ: وَقَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى} [النساء: 3] قَالَ: يَقُولُ: «اتْرُكُوهُنَّ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَقَدْ أَحْلَلْتُ لَكُمْ أَرْبَعًا»

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Footnotes

  1. 1

    [1] An-Nisā’ 4:3.

  2. 1

    [1] An-Nisā' 4:127.

Commentary

The Hadīth has relevance to the chapter in that a person should not marry an orphan girl under his care and protection, if he cannot discharge his obligations fairly and faithfully according to Islamic law, no matter if he has a wife or not.