Regarding 'Arāyā Transactions[1]
Darussalam · Volume 4
22. THE BOOKOF BUSINESSSunan Abi Dawud Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 3363 ¦ الجزء: 3 ¦ الصفحة: 251
Source no. 3363 · Volume 1 · Page 2
Sahih
صحيح النسائي (٤٥٤٢) // (٤٢٣٣) //
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3363. It was narrated from Sahl bin Abī Ḥathmah that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ forbade selling fresh dates for dry dates, but he granted a concession in the case of 'Arāyā allowing them to be sold by estimate, so that its owners (who bought it) could eat fresh dates. (Sahih)
3363 - حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ التَّمْرِ بِالتَّمْرِ، وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا أَنْ تُبَاعَ بِخَرْصِهَا يَأْكُلُهَا أَهْلُهَا رُطَبًا»
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'Arāyā refers to the case when one loans one datepalm tree or two to someone. It is an act of displaying goodwill towards someone. When somebody loans one of the trees from his garden to his neighbors or to some other needy persons, the people getting the tree or trees start frequenting the garden, which creates an uneasy situation. Exchanging fresh dates of the trees loaned by the person himself with dried dates was permitted by the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, in order to stop the spirit of goodwill from dying down by the uneasiness caused by the frequent visits of those people into the garden. It is worth mentioning here that while the exchange of an undetermined quantity of un-plucked dates with dried dates was declared unlawful, an exception was made in the case of ʿArāyā. The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, however, limited the permission to just five Wasqs.