The letter of the Prophet ﷺ to Kisra (Khosrau) and Qaiser (Caesar).
Darussalam · Volume 5
64 - THE BOOK OFAL-MAGHĀZĪ(1) (i.e., holy battle,or the deeds and virtues of Ghāzi)Sahih al-Bukhari Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 4425 ¦ الجزء: 6 ¦ الصفحة: 8
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4425. Narrated Abū Bakra: During the days (of the battle) of Al-Jamal, Allāh benefited me with a word I had heard from Allāh's Messenger ﷺ after I had been about to join the companions of Al-Jamal (i.e., the camel) and fight along with them. When Allāh's Messenger ﷺ was informed that the Persians had crowned the daughter of Kisra (Khosrau) as their ruler, he said, "Such people as ruled by a lady will never be successful."(1)
4425 - حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، عَنِ الحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، قَالَ: لَقَدْ نَفَعَنِي اللَّهُ بِكَلِمَةٍ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَيَّامَ الجَمَلِ، بَعْدَ مَا كِدْتُ أَنْ أَلْحَقَ بِأَصْحَابِ الجَمَلِ فَأُقَاتِلَ مَعَهُمْ، قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ فَارِسَ، قَدْ مَلَّكُوا عَلَيْهِمْ بِنْتَ كِسْرَى، قَالَ: «لَنْ يُفْلِحَ قَوْمٌ وَلَّوْا أَمْرَهُمُ امْرَأَةً»
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(1) (H. 4425) Abū Bakra did not fight on that side because the army was led by a woman, i.e., 'Aishah رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا.