Selling Fruits For Many Years Ahead[1] And Crop Failure
Darussalam · Volume 3
12. The Chapters On Business TransactionsSunan Ibn Majah Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 2219 ¦ الجزء: 2 ¦ الصفحة: 747
Source no. 2219 · Volume 5 · Page 219
Sahih
صحيح، الإرواء (٥ / ١١٣) ، أحاديث البيوع
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2219. It was narrated from Jâbir bin 'Abdullâh that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: "Whoever sells fruits then the crop fails, should not take any of his brother's money. Why would any of you take the money of his Muslim brother?" (Sahih)
2219 - حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ثَوْرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: «مَنْ بَاعَ ثَمَرًا فَأَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ، فَلَا يَأْخُذْ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا، عَلَامَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ؟»
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The money is exchanged for merchandise; when the fruit of the orchard was sold it was not able to be used, which means the buyer did not collect it. It was merely a promise of giving fruit to the buyer; and as the fruit went to waste and the buyer did not get anything, but has paid the price in advance, or has promised to pay; thus he would pay the price and would not receive anything in exchange; therefore this type of sale is unlawful.