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Text and translation
English translation
2533. It was narrated from Abu Umāmah bin Sahl bin Hunaif that 'Uthmān bin 'Affān looked at them and heard them when they spoke of killing. He said: "Are they threatening to kill me? Why would they kill me? I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ say: 'It is not lawful to shed the blood of a Muslim except in one of three (cases): a man who commits adultery when he is a married person, then he should be stoned; a man who kills a soul not in retaliation for murder; and a man who apostatizes after becoming Muslim.' By Allāh, I never committed adultery either during Ignorance days nor in Islam, and I
have never killed a Muslim soul,and I have not apostatized since Ibecame Muslim.” (Sahih)
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Commentary
Murder of a Muslim without a legal reason is a major crime.
Other than the causes mentioned above, murder of a Muslim is unlawful. Execution of the punishment for the abovementioned crimes is the right of the Islamic state or the Islamic courts. The general public cannot execute the punishment. Adultery is a heinous crime, despite all that, if an adulterer is unmarried he cannot be stoned to death. His punishment is one hundred lashes, and if the judge determines it best, he can add the punishment of sending into exile.
Punishment of a married person involved in adultery is to stone him/her to death.
A person who apostatizes after becoming a Muslim, his punishment is death. If he is sincerely penitent, and embraces Islam again, he will be forgiven.
