The Key To Prayer Is Purification
Darussalam · Volume 1
(1) The Chapters OfPurification And ItsSunnahSunan Ibn Majah Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 275 ¦ الجزء: 1 ¦ الصفحة: 101
Source no. 275 · Volume 1 · Page 347
Hasan sahih
حسن صحيح، المشكاة (٣١٢ و ٣١٣) ، الإرواء (٣٠١) ، صحيح أبي داود (٥٥)
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275. It was narrated from Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah that his father said: "The Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: 'The key to prayer is purification, its opening is to say 'Allâhu Akbar' and its closing is to say As-salâmu 'alaikum.'" (Hasan)
275 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ الطُّهُورُ، وَتَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ، وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ»
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Just as no lock is opened without a key, there is also no entering into prayer without freedom from minor and major impurities. This shows that cleanliness is a prerequisite for prayer. Pronouncing the formula of Allāh's greatness (Allāhu Akbar) signals the banning of all things incompatible with prayer. This is why the formula pronounced at the start of the prayer is called Takbir At-Tahrīm (formula of prohibition). All restrictions imposed by the utterance of the Takbir At-Tahrīm are waived when the worshipper, at the close of his prayer utters the words As-salāmu 'alaikum. That is why this action is known as Tahhīl (legalizing or loosening), which means that all those things that were specifically prohibited during the prayer are now permissible again.