English translation
819. It was narrated that Abu Qatadah said: "The Messenger of Allâh ﷺ used to lead us in prayer, and he would lengthen the first Rak'ah of the Zuhr and shorten the second Rak'ah, and he would do likewise in the Subh." (Sahih)
Darussalam · Volume 2
(5) The Chapters OfEstablishing The PrayerAnd The SunnahRegarding ThemSunan Ibn Majah Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 819 ¦ الجزء: 1 ¦ الصفحة: 268
Source no. 819 · Volume 2 · Page 391
Sahih
صحيح، صحيح أبي داود (٧٦٣)
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819. It was narrated that Abu Qatadah said: "The Messenger of Allâh ﷺ used to lead us in prayer, and he would lengthen the first Rak'ah of the Zuhr and shorten the second Rak'ah, and he would do likewise in the Subh." (Sahih)
819 - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ بَكْرُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ الصَّوَّافِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «يُصَلِّي بِنَا، فَيُطِيلُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى مِنَ الظُّهْرِ، وَيُقْصِرُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الصُّبْحِ»
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The wisdom behind it is that, in the first Rak'ah, the worshippers are more energetic and receptive. Besides, there are chances for more worshippers to catch up with the first Rak'ah and therefore the entire prayer of the congregation.