Regarding The Divine Decree (Qadar)
Darussalam · Volume 1
The Book Of The SunnahSunan Ibn Majah Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 90 ¦ الجزء: 1 ¦ الصفحة: 35
Source no. 90 · Volume 1 · Page 162
Hasan · qualified assessment
حسن - دون "وإن الرجل" -، الصحيحة (١٥٤)
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90. It was narrated that Thawbān said: "The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: 'Nothing extends one's life span but righteousness, nothing averts the Divine Decree but supplication, and nothing deprives a man of provision but the sin that he commits.'" (Da'if)
90 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا يَزِيدُ فِي الْعُمْرِ إِلَّا الْبِرُّ، وَلَا يَرُدُّ الْقَدَرَ إِلَّا الدُّعَاءُ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُحْرَمُ الرِّزْقَ بِخَطِيئَةٍ يَعْمَلُهَا»
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The promise of extension in one's life has been variously interpreted as (i) Life span gets Allāh's blessing in the sense that it is spent in the doing of good deeds, and is saved from going waste; (ii) Man is enabled to engage in righteous deeds, whose reward continue to flow to him even after death, as the Qur'an says: "But the righteous deeds that last are better with your Lord for rewards and better in respect of hope". (18:46) or (iii) The life span made known to the angels, particularly to the Angel of Death, is extended. This extension is only from the angel's point of view; otherwise Allāh had all along the knowledge that the man would do such and such righteous deed, or deeds that would be rewarded by an appropriate extension in the span of his life. b. 'Averting the Divine Decree' means that, because of man's supplications, the misfortune that the man dreaded would be blocked, and the calamity that had set in would be warded off.