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English translation
1161. It was narrated that 'Āsim bin Damrah As-Saluli said: "We asked 'Ali about the voluntary (prayer) of Allāh's Messenger ﷺ during the day. He said: 'You will not be able.' We said: 'Inform us of it, we will do what we can of it?' So he said: 'When he prayed
the Fajr he would delay praying any more. When the sun appeared over there (west) – like it appears here, meaning in the direction of the east, about the amount for the 'Asr prayer from there, meaning in the direction of the west, meaning before the Maghrib – he would stand and perform two Rak'ah[1] then he would delay praying until the sun appeared over there (west), meaning in the direction of the east, about the amount of the Zuhr prayer from there, then he would stand and perform four. And, four before the Zuhr when the sun passed the zenith, and two Rak'ah after it, and, four before the 'Asr, separating between every two Rak'ah with Taslim[2] upon the angels that are close (to Allāh), the Prophets, and those who follow them among the Muslims and the believers."
'Ali said: "That is sixteen Rak'ah of voluntary prayer which Allāh's Messenger ﷺ performed during the day. And there are very few who offer them regularly." (Hasan)
Waki' said: "My father added: Habib bin Abu Thâbit said: 'O Abu Ishâq, this mosque filled with gold would not be dearer to me than this Hadith of yours.'"
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Footnotes
1
[1] Meaning, when the sun was low above the eastern horizon. That is the time of the Duha.
2
[2] Meaning the Tashah-hud as indicated in Injâh Al-Hijâh and explanation by Sindi. See no. 429 according to Tirmidhi and his discussion after it.
Commentary
a. The time of Ishrâq (literally, sunrise) begins with the rising of the sun marginally. The inference that we get from the Hadith is that the time for this prayer lasts until the shadow of everything becomes equal to it in size, i.e., until one fourth of the day has passed.
b. The time for the Duhâ prayer begins a little after the beginning of Ishrâq, i.e., after the sun gains considerable height, and lasts until before noon. Performing prayer at the exact noontime (i.e., when the sun attains to its zenith) is forbidden.
c. We also find mention of Awwâbîn prayer in the Ahâdith, whose time is stated to be when the hooves of the young ones of camels begin to be scorched with the extremity of heat. Obviously, it is a little before the decline of the sun from its zenith. Some of the scholars have defined even Duhâ in like terms. And Allâh knows best.
