It Is Not Lawful To Shed The Blood Of A Muslim Except In Three Cases
Darussalam · Volume 3
20. The Chapters On Legal PunishmentsSunan Ibn Majah Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 2534 ¦ الجزء: 2 ¦ الصفحة: 847
Source no. 2534 · Volume 6 · Page 34
Sahih
صحيح، الإرواء (٢١٩٦) ، ظلال الجنة (٦٠)
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2534. It was narrated from ‘Abdullâh, who is Ibn Mas’ud, that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: “It is not lawful to shed the blood of a Muslim who bears witness that none has the right to be worshiped but Allâh, and that I am the Messenger of Allâh, except in one of the three cases: a soul for a soul; a married person who commits adultery, and one who leaves his religion and splits from the Jamâ’ah.”[1] (Sahih)
2534 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا أَحَدُ ثَلَاثَةِ نَفَرٍ: النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ، وَالثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي، وَالتَّارِكُ لِدِينِهِ، الْمُفَارِقُ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ "
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[1] The main body of the Muslims, and the meaning of this third case is the same as the meaning of the third case in the previous narration, i.e., he leaves the religion.
Leaving the Jamâ'ah means leaving the religion of Islam and accepting some other religion and joining disbelievers. Here Jamâ'ah does not mean an organization of Muslims that is engaged in religious tasks like the missionary work of preaching. A person is a Muslim before joining such a Jamâ'ah and after quitting remains a Muslim. Such a person cannot be treated as a rebel because these organizations are only missionaries and cannot act as an Islamic state. Punishment of the rebel of an Islamic state is death.