Darussalam · Volume 2
13. [The Book Of Forgetfulness (In Prayer)]Sunan an-Nasai Darussalam English translation
الحديث: 1310 ¦ الجزء: 3 ¦ الصفحة: 58
Source no. 1310 · Volume 3 · Page 454
Sahih
صحيح صفة الصلاة، صحيح أبي داود (٩٠٣)
Source no. 1242 · Volume 1 · Page 282
Sahih · qualified assessment
(صحيح) - صفة الصلاة، صحيح أبي داود ٩٠٣: م دون قوله: "ثم يدعو .. ".
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1311. It was narrated that Muḥammad bin Abū 'Aīshah said: "I heard Abū Hurairah say: 'The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: When any one of you recites the Tashahhud, let him seek refuge with Allāh from four things: From the torment of Hell, from the torment of the grave, from the trials of life and death and from the evil of the Dajjāl. Then let him pray for himself asking whatever he wants.'" (Sahīh)
1310 - أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، عَنْ الْمُعَافَى، عَنْ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، ح وَأَنْبَأَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، عَنْ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا تَشَهَّدَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ: مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو لِنَفْسِهِ بِمَا بَدَا لَهُ "
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Some people have deemed this Ta'awwudh (taking refuge in Allāh) compulsory - drawing an inference from the evident phrasing of this narration. But it is contrary to the explicit and apparent narrations, in which Allāh's Messenger ﷺ has taught praying without it, or has deemed it complete. This sort of phrasing or expression (meaning a command or order) occurs for commendation or emphasis also. In the light of the other narrations, the objective here is very much the same. This is because Allāh's Messenger ﷺ has granted dispensation or choice for any particular favorite supplication. And praise belongs to Allāh alone!