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Text and translation
English translation
693. It was narrated from Sâlim that his father said: "The Messenger of Allâh ﷺ entered the House (the Ka'bah), with Usâmah bin Zaid, Bilâl and 'Uthmân bin Talhah, and they locked the door behind them. When the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ opened it, I was the first one to enter. I met Bilâl and asked him: 'Did the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ pray inside?' He said: 'Yes, he prayed between the two Yemeni columns.'" (Saḥīḥ)
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Commentary
Imâm Ash-Shafi'î considers it permissible to perform optional prayer inside the Ka'bah, but not the obligatory one. This is because Allâh's Messenger ﷺ had offered an optional Prayer and not the obligatory prayer while inside the Ka'bah. The Hanafis, drawing an analogy with optional (Nafl) prayer, consider the obligatory prayer also to be permissible (inside the Ka'bah).