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Text and translation
English translation
2118. It was narrated that 'Abdur-Raḥmān bin Zaid bin Al-Khaṭṭāb addressed the people on the day concerning which there was doubt (as to whether the month had begun) and said: "I sat with the Companions of the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ and asked them, and they narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: 'Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it, and perform the rites on that basis. If it is obscured,[1] then complete thirty days, and if two witnesses testify then fast and stop fasting.'" (Sahīh)
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Commentary
The day of doubt or uncertainty (as to whether it is the first day of Ramaḍān) means the thirtieth day of the month of Sha'ban, because there are both possibilities: it might either be the thirtieth day of Sha'ban or the first day of Ramaḍān. This is particularly so in the event that there was a possibility of the appearance of the crescent, but the sky was overcast and the crescent could not be sighted.
