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English translation
1169. Abū Sa'eed Al-Khudrī narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "It is not lawful for a woman who believes in Allāh and the Last Day to travel on a trip that is three days or more, unless she is accompanied by her father, her brother, her husband, her son, or someone who is a Mahram to her." (Ṣaḥīḥ)
There are narrations on this topic from Abū Hurairah, Ibn 'Abbās, and Ibn 'Umar.
(Abū 'Eisā said:) This Ḥadīth is Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ.
It has been related that the Prophet ﷺ said: "A woman is not to travel the distance of a day and a night unless she is accompanied by someone who is a Mahram."
And this is acted upon according to the people of knowledge, they dislike for a woman to travel unless accompanied by a Mahram. The people of knowledge differ over a woman who is well-off and she does not have a Mahram, does she perform Hajj?
Some of the people of knowledge said that the Hajj is not obligatory upon her because having the Mahram is part of (the means) for the journey, as in Allāh, the Mighty and Sublime's saying: For whoever is able to bear the journey.[1] So they say that when there is no Mahram for her then she is not able to bear the journey. This is the view of Sufyān Ath-Thawrī and the people of Al-Kūfah.
Some of the people of knowledge said when the route is safe then she goes with the people for Hajj. This is the view of Mālik and Ash-Shāfi'i.
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Commentary
When a woman goes out to travel, she is in a different environment than the protected environment of her house. If she travels alone, she might face some mishap and it would not be possible for her to handle the situation all alone and save her honor. For this reason the Islamic Law has made it compulsory for her to travel with someone who is a Mahram.
