Hadith 1181

What Has Been Related About: There Is No Divorce Before Marriage

English source

Darussalam · Volume 2

11. The Chapters On Divorce And Li'an From The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ

Jami at-Tirmidhi Darussalam English translation

Arabic source

Shamela Arabic edition

الجزء: 2 ¦ الصفحة: 472

DarussalamHasanAl-AlbaniHasan sahih

Al-Albani source references (1)

صحيح وضعيف سنن الترمذي (opens in a new tab)
Source no. 1181 · Volume 3 · Page 181
Hasan sahih
حسن صحيح، ابن ماجة (٢٠٤٧)

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English translation

1181. ‘Amr bin Shu‘aib narrated from his grandfather, from his father, that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: “There is no vow for the son of Ādam over what he has no control, and there is no emancipating he can do for one whom he does not own, and there is no divorce for him regarding that which he has no control over.” (Hasan) (He said:) There are narrations on this topic from ‘Ali, Mu‘ādh bin Jabal, Jābir, Ibn ‘Abbās, and ‘Aishah. (Abū 'Eisā said:) The Hadīth of 'Abdullāh bin 'Amr is a Hasan Sahīh Hadīth, and it is the best thing reported on this topic. This is the view of most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and others. This has been related from 'Alī bin Abī Tālīb, Ibn 'Abbās, Jābir bin 'Abdullāh, Sa'eed bin Al-Musayyab, Al-Ḥasan, Sa'eed bin Jubair, 'Alī bin Al-Ḥasan, Shurāih, Jābir bin Zaid, and more than one of the Fuqahā' among the Tābi'īn, and it is the view of Ash-Shāfi'ī. It has been related that Ibn Mas'ūd said about the Manṣūbah:[1] "She is divorced." It has been related from Ibrāhīm An-Nakha'ī, Ash-Sha'bi, and others among the people of knowledge that they said: "If he specifies a time, it (the divorce) holds (at the expiration of the time)." This is the view of Sufyān Ath-Thawrī. Mālik bin Anas said: "When he names a woman specifically, or specifies a time, or he says: 'If I marry someone from this district,' then if he marries someone, she is divorced." As for Ibn Al-Mubārak, he was very stern on this topic, he said: "If it is done, I do not say that it is unlawful." Aḥmad said: "If he married, I do not order him to separate from his wife." Ishāq said: "I allow it in the case of Al-Manṣūbah, due to the Hadīth of Ibn Mas'ūd, but if he marries her, I do not say that his wife is unlawful for him.” In cases other than the Mansūbah, Ishāq was liberal with it. It has been mentioned that ‘Abdullāh bin Al-Mubārak was asked about a man who took an oath of divorce that he would not marry, then it occurred to him to marry, does he have the permission to do it if he follows the view of the Fuqahā' that permit that? So (‘Abdullāh) Ibn Al-Mubārak said: “If he thought that this view was the truth before he was tested with this issue, then he can take their saying. As for the one who did not accept this, then if he is tested and wants to take their saying, then I do not think it is allowed for him.”

Arabic text

١١٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌عَامِرٌ الْأَحْوَلُ، عَنْ ‌عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ ‌أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ ‌جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا نَذْرَ لِابْنِ آدَمَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ»، وَلَا عِتْقَ لَهُ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ، وَلَا طَلَاقَ لَهُ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ. وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ. حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَهُوَ أَحْسَنُ شَيْءٍ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَالْحَسَنِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَشُرَيْحٍ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ التَّابِعِينَ، وَبِهِ يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْمَنْصُوبَةِ: إِنَّهَا تَطْلُقُ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: إِذَا وَقَّتَ نُزِّلَ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ إِذَا سَمَّى امْرَأَةً بِعَيْنِهَا أَوْ وَقَّتَ وَقْتًا أَوْ قَالَ: إِنْ تَزَوَّجْتُ مِنْ كُورَةِ كَذَا، فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَ فَإِنَّهَا تَطْلُقُ، وَأَمَّا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ فَشَدَّدَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَقَالَ: إِنْ فَعَلَ لَا أَقُولُ هِيَ حَرَامٌ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: إِنْ تَزَوَّجَ لَا آمُرُهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَ امْرَأَتَهُ. وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَنَا أُجِيزُ فِي الْمَنْصُوبَةِ لِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَإِنْ تَزَوَّجَهَا لَا أَقُولُ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ. وَوَسَّعَ إِسْحَاقُ فِي غَيْرِ الْمَنْصُوبَةِ. وَذُكِرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ بِالطَّلَاقِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَتَزَوَّجُ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ، هَلْ لَهُ رُخْصَةٌ بِأَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِقَوْلِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الَّذِينَ رَخَّصُوا فِي هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: إِنْ كَانَ يَرَى هَذَا الْقَوْلَ حَقًّا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُبْتَلَى بِهَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ بِهَذَا فَلَمَّا ابْتُلِيَ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ فَلَا أَرَى لَهُ ذَلِكَ.

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Footnotes

1
[1] Aṭ-Ṭalāq 65:1.
1
[1] "In some of the manuscripts it is: Manṣūbah with Sīn meaning a woman belonging to a tribe or a land. And the meaning of Manṣūbah is the particular woman." (Tuhfat Al-Ahwadhi)

Commentary

Shah Waliullāh writes that the saying of the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ “There is no divorce for him regarding that which he has no control over” is quite clear, and it relates to the divorce that is going to be effective, but is pending or delayed for some condition. As in this example, “when I marry someone she is divorced.” This is a general order for all.