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Text and translation
English translation
1526. Āishah narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever vowed to obey Allāh, then he should obey Him. And whoever vowed to disobey Allāh, then he should not disobey Him." (Saḥīḥ)
(Another chain) with similar meanings.
[Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Hasan Saḥīḥ. Yaḥya bin Abī Kathīr reported it from Al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad.
It is the view of some of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and others. It is the saying of Mālik, and Ash-Shāfi'ī. They said: He should not disobey Allāh, and there is no atonement of an oath when his vow was for disobedience.
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Commentary
If a vow or pledge is taken in obedience to Allāh but with a condition of fulfillment of some particular need, it must be accomplished. For example someone says that he will fast for a number of days if Allāh cures him from this ailment, or he will give this much amount in charity in the Name of Allāh if he finds his lost property. After recovery or finding his lost property he must fulfill his vow. If the vow is taken without any condition, again it must be fulfilled. For example if someone says that he will fast for some days, or he will give such and such amount of money in charity, there is no condition attached to it, then it should be fulfilled. Most of the scholars agree on this point. (See for details Al-Mughnī v. 13. p. 622-623.)
