Hadith 1556

About Who Is Given Spoils Of War (Al-Fay')[1]

English source

Darussalam · Volume 3

19. The Chapters On Military Expeditions From The Messenger Of Allāh ﷺ

Jami at-Tirmidhi Darussalam English translation

Arabic source

Shamela Arabic edition

الجزء: 3 ¦ الصفحة: 215

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

Al-Albani source references (1)

صحيح وضعيف سنن الترمذي (opens in a new tab)
Source no. 1556 · Volume 4 · Page 56
Sahih
صحيح، صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٣٨)

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English translation

1556. Yazīd bin Hurmuz narrated that Najdah Al-Ḥarūrī wrote to Ibn 'Abbās asking if the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ would fight along with women, and if he would fix a share of the spoils of war for them. Ibn 'Abbās wrote to him: "You wrote to me asking me if the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ would fight along with women. He did fight along with them, as they would treat the wounded. They received something from the spoils of war, but as for their share, then he did not fix a share for them." (Sahih) There is something on this topic from Anas and Umm 'Aṭiyah. This Ḥadīth is Hasan Sahih. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge. It is the view of Sufyān Ath-Thawrī and Ash-Shāfi'ī. Some of them said that a share is given to the woman and the boy, and this is the view of Al-Awzā'ī. Al-Awzā'ī said: "The Prophet ﷺ gave a portion to the boys at Khaibar, and the A'immah of the Muslims gave a portion to every child born in the land of war." Al-Awzā'ī said: "The Prophet ﷺ gave a portion to the women at Khaibar, and that was followed by the Muslims after him." This was narrated to us by 'Alī bin Khashram (who said): "Eisā bin Yūnus narrated this to us from Al-Awzā'ī." The meaning of his saying: "They received something from the spoils of war" it is said that he conferred something on them (the women) from the spoils of war.

Arabic text

١٥٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَنْ ‌جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ ‌أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ ‌يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ «أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ الْحَرُورِيَّ» كَتَبَ إِلَى ‌ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ، وَهَلْ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ؟ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كَتَبْتَ إِلَيَّ تَسْأَلُنِي: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ؟ وَكَانَ يَغْزُو بِهِنَّ فَيُدَاوِينَ الْمَرْضَى وَيُحْذَيْنَ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَأَمَّا يُسْهِمُ فَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَأُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يُسْهَمُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَالصَّبِيِّ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: وَأَسْهَمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلصِّبْيَانِ بِخَيْبَرَ، وَأَسْهَمَتْ أَئِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِكُلِّ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ فِي أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ. قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: وَأَسْهَمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلنِّسَاءِ بِخَيْبَرَ، وَأَخَذَ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْدَهُ، حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ بِهَذَا. وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: وَيُحْذَيْنَ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، يَقُولُ: يُرْضَخُ لَهُنَّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ يُعْطَيْنَ شَيْئًا.

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Footnotes

1
[1] Usually, Al-Fay' refers to goods captured without any fight, while Ghanimah refers to the spoils of war in general. Here, it is apparent that the author is using Al-Fay' to refer to Ghanimah as well.

Commentary

According to most of the people of knowledge, the women are not supposed to take part in war, and fighting with the enemy is not their duty, so their share has not been described in the spoils of war, but the army chief can give them a small share.