English translation
157. Abū Hurairah narrated that Allāh's Messenger ﷺ said: "In very hot weather, delay the (Zuhr) prayer until it becomes (a bit) cooler, because the severity of heat is from the raging of the Hell." (Ṣaḥīḥ)
[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Abū Sa'eed, Abū Dharr, Ibn 'Umar, Al-Mughīrah, Al-Qāsim bin Ṣafwān from his father, Abū Mūsā, Ibn 'Abbās, and Anas.
[He said:] It has been related that 'Umar narrated something from the Prophet ﷺ about this, but it is not correct.
Abū 'Eisā said: The Hadīth of Abū Hurairah is a Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ Hadīth.
There are those among the people of knowledge who have chosen to delay the Zuhr prayer in severe heat.
It is the view of Ibn Al-Mubārak, Aḥmad, and Ishāq.
Ash-Shāfi'i said: "The Zuhr prayer is only delayed until it is cooler
when the Masjid the people attend is distant. As for the one who prays alone, or the one who prays in the Masjid of his people, I would prefer that he does not delay the prayer in severe heat."
Abū 'Eisā said: The view of those saying that the Zuhr prayer should be delayed in severe heat is preferred and more worthy of being followed.
As for the view of Ash-Shāfi'ī that the permission is only for those who have to cover a distance, because of the hardship on the people; in the Hadīth of Abū Dharr there is what proves the opposite of what Ash-Shāfi'ī said. Abū Dharr said: "We were with the Prophet ﷺ on a journey when Bilāl called the Adhān for the Zuhr prayer. The Prophet ﷺ said: 'O Bilāl! Let it get cooler, then let it get cooler.'"
So if the matter was in accordance with the view Ash-Shāfi'ī held, then there would have been no reason to wait until it was cooler on that occasion, since the people were all together on the journey, and they did not need to come from far away.
Arabic text
١٥٧ - حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا اشْتَدَّ» الْحَرُّ فَأَبْرِدُوا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ؛ فَإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الْحَرِّ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ.
وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَبِي ذَرٍّ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَالْمُغِيرَةِ وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَأَبِي مُوسَى وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَنَسٍ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي هَذَا، وَلَا يَصِحُّ.
حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.
وَقَدِ اخْتَارَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ تَأْخِيرَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ.
وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّمَا الْإِبْرَادُ بِصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ إِذَا كَانَ مَسْجِدًا يَنْتَابُ أَهْلُهُ مِنَ الْبُعْدِ، فَأَمَّا الْمُصَلِّي وَحْدَهُ وَالَّذِي يُصَلِّي فِي مَسْجِدِ قَوْمِهِ فَالَّذِي أُحِبُّ لَهُ أَنْ لَا يُؤَخِّرَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ.
وَمَعْنَى مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى تَأْخِيرِ الظُّهْرِ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ هُوَ أَوْلَى وَأَشْبَهُ بِالِاتِّبَاعِ.
وَأَمَّا مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنَّ الرُّخْصَةَ لِمَنْ يَنْتَابُ مِنَ الْبُعْدِ وَالْمَشَقَّةِ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَإِنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ؛ قَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ بِصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا بِلَالُ أَبْرِدْ، ثُمَّ أَبْرِدْ.
فَلَوْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْإِبْرَادِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ مَعْنًى؛ لِاجْتِمَاعِهِمْ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَكَانُوا لَا يَحْتَاجُونَ أَنْ يَنْتَابُوا مِنَ الْبُعْدِ.
