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Text and translation
English translation
238. Abū Sa'eed narrated that Allāh's Messenger ﷺ said: "The key to Ṣalāt is the purification, its Taḥrīm is the Takbīr, and its Taḥlīl is the Taṣlīm, and there is no Ṣalāt for one who did not recite Al-Ḥamd[2] and a Sūrah in the obligatory (prayer) or other prayers." (Ḍa'īf)
[Abū 'Eisā said: This Ḥadīth is Ḥasan.]
There are narrations on this topic from 'Alī and 'Aīshah. [He said:] And the Ḥadīth of 'Alī bin Abī Ṭālib [about this] has a better chain
and is more correct than the Ḥadīth of Abū Saʿeed. We have written it in the beginning of the Book of Wudū. And the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and those after them act according to it, and it is the saying of Sufyān Ath-Thawrī, Ibn Al-Mubārak, Ash-Shāfiʿī, Ahmad, and Ishāq. They said that the Tahrīm of the Ṣalāt is the Takbīr, and a man will not have entered into the prayer except with the Takbīr.
Abū ʿĪsā said: I heard Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin Abān [the scribe of Wakiʿ saying: "I heard ʿAbdur-Raḥmān bin Mahdī saying: 'If a man were to open his prayer with seventy of Allāh's Names, but he did not say the Takbīr then it would not be acceptable from him, and if he were to commit Ḥadath before the Taslīm I would order him to perform Wudū then return to his place and say the Taslīm. For indeed the matter is only as it appears."[1]
[He said:] And the name of Abū Naṣrah (one of the narrators) is [Al-]Mundhir bin Mālik bin Quṭaʿah.
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Footnotes
1
[1] The beginning and end of its sacred state, see Ḥadīth no. 3.
2
[2] Sūrat Al-Fātiḥah.
Commentary
1. In the opinion of three Aʿimmah, Mālik, Shāfiʿī and Aḥmad, Abū Yūsuf and the majority of Ummah, pronouncing 'Allāhu-Akbar' in the beginning of
prayer is obligatory, and it is a pillar and part of prayer just like Rukū' (bowing) and Sujūd (prostration).
Likewise pronouncing 'Assalamu-Alaikum wa Rahmatullah' to end the prayer is obligatory, according to the majority of Ummah, three A'immah and Abū Yūsuf. If someone ends the prayer through any other method, other than 'Assalamu-Alaikum wa Rahmatullah' his prayer is invalid.
2. Reciting Al-Fātiḥah in every prayer is obligatory and it must be recited in every Rak'ah.
