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Text and translation
English translation
2935. Abū Sa'eed narrated: "On the Day of (the battle of) Badr, the Romans had a victory over the Persians. So the believers where pleased with that, then the following was revealed: Alif Lām Mīm. The Romans have been defeated..." up to His saying: '...the believers will rejoice.'[1] He said: "So the believers were happy with the victory of the Romans over the Persians." (Hasan)
[Abū 'Eisā said:] This Ḥadīth is Ḥasan Gharīb from this route. It is recited: "Ghalabat" and "Ghulibat" and it is said: "They were defeated then victorious." This is how Naṣr bn 'Alī recited it: "Ghalabat." (See nos. 3191, 3194.)
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Footnotes
1
[1] Referring to Ar-Rūm 30:1-4.
Commentary
Sūrat Ar-Rūm was revealed in Makkah before Hijrah, the Romans were the people of the book and were defeated at that time. So the polytheists of Makkah rejoiced because the Persians were the idol worshippers like the people of Makkah, but it aggrieved the Muslims. Thereafter this prophesy was revealed in the Qur'an that the Romans, the people of the book, would eventually overcome and the Muslims would rejoice their victory; this victory coincided with the victory at the battle of Badr, so the Muslims rejoiced dually. See any book of commentary for further details of the background of its revelation. The meaning of it having been revealed at the time of victory at Badr is not that it was regarding Badr, but in fact it was revealed concerning the defeat of Romans and thereafter about their victory over the Persians.
