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English translation
396. 'Iyāḏ bin Hilāl said: "I said to Abū Sa'eed: 'One of us performs Ṣalāt and we do not know how (much) we prayed.' So he said: 'Allāh's Messenger ﷺ said: "When one of you performs Ṣalāt and he does not know how (much) he prayed then let him perform two prostrations while he is sitting."(Hasan)
[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Uthmān, Ibn Mas'ūd, 'Āishah, and Abū Hurairah.
Abū 'Eisā said: The Hadīth of Abū Sa'eed is a Hasan Hadīth.
This Hadīth has been narrated from Abū Sa'eed through more than one route.
It has been narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: "When one of you doubts about one or two (Rak'ah), then let him make it one. When he doubts about two or three, then let him make it two and perform two prostrations for that before he says the Salām."
This is acted upon by our companions.
Some of the people of knowledge said that when one doubts in his Ṣalāt such that he does not know how much he has prayed then he is to repeat it.
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Commentary
There are various Aḥādīth about this issue which are not contradictory. Some Aḥādīth guide us to base that prayer according to the number of Rak'ah which are certain to have been completed. Some Aḥādīth rule to base the prayer on the least number of Rak'ah and some are only about the prostration of forgetfulness. Some Aḥādīth have information to repeat the prayer, but the Aḥādīth about the repetition are Weak. Hasan Al-Baṣārī and some others said only two prostrations are to be made in case of doubt about more or less and nothing else is required. According to the four Imām, the sitting of Tashahhud is needed in a Rak'ah about which the possibility is that it is the last Rak'ah.