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Text and translation
English translation
544. Ibn 'Umar narrated: "I traveled with the Prophet ﷺ, Abū Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthmān; they would pray Zuhr and ʿAṣr as two Rak'ah and two Rak'ah, not praying before them nor after them." And Ibn 'Umar said: "If I was going to pray before it or after it then I would pray it complete." (Ḥasan)
(He said:) There are narrations on this topic from 'Umar, 'Alī, Ibn 'Abbās, Anas, Imrān bin Ḥuṣain, and 'Āishah.
Abū 'Eisā said: The Ḥadīth of Ibn 'Umar is a Ḥasan Gharīb Ḥadīth, we do not know of it in this manner except as a narration of Yaḥya bin Sulaim.
Muḥammad bin Ismā'īl said: "This Ḥadīth has been reported from 'Ubaidullāh bin 'Umar, from a man from the family of Surāqah, from ('Abdullāh) Ibn 'Umar."
Abū 'Eisā said: It has been reported from 'Aṭiyyah Al-'Awfī, from Ibn 'Umar, that the Prophet ﷺ would perform voluntary prayers while traveling before the prayer and after it. And it is correct that
the Prophet ﷺ would shorten (the prayer) while traveling and that Abū Bakr, and 'Umar would shorten while traveling, as would 'Uthmān during the beginning of his Khalifah.
This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and others.
It has been reported from 'Aishah that she would complete the prayer while traveling.
What is acted upon is what is reported from the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions.
And it is the view of Ash-Shāfi'i, Ahmad, and Ishāq, but Ash-Shāfi'i said that shortening is a permission for a person while traveling. So, if one completes the prayer, it is acceptable from him.
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Commentary
The truth is that the Prophet ﷺ used to shorten the prayer during a journey, because therein is easiness. This is the objective of the Sharī'ah. So the prayer during a journey should be shortened; as the Prophet ﷺ named it permission and the reporter of this, 'Aishah, used to pray full prayer, which means praying full prayer is also allowed. It cannot be stated that prayer is invalid because of not being shortened, even though the shortened prayer is preferred. [Al-Mughnī: 3/123, Hujjatullah: 2/23, Al-Mir'āt: 2/259]
