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English translation
548. Yahya bin Abī Ishāq Al-Ḥaḍramī narrated that Anas bin Mālik said: "We went with the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ from Al-Maḍīnah to Makkah, and he prayed two Rak'ah." He said: "I said to Anas: 'How long did Messenger of Allāh ﷺ stay in Makkah?' He said: 'Ten (days).'" (Sahih)
(He said:) There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbās, and Jābir.
Abū 'Eisā said: The Ḥadīth of Anas is a Ḥasan Ṣahīh Ḥadīth.
It has been reported from Ibn 'Abbās that during some of his journeys, the Prophet ﷺ stayed for nineteen (days) praying two Rak'ah. Ibn 'Abbās said: "So when we would stay somewhere for nineteen (days) we would pray two Rak'ah, and if we stayed longer than that we would complete the Ṣalāt."
It has been reported that 'Alī said: "Whoever stays for ten days then he completes the Ṣalāt."
It has been reported that Ibn 'Umar said: "Whoever stays for fifteen days, then he completes the Ṣalāt." Twelve has also been reported from him.
It has been reported that Sa'eed bin Al-Musayyab said: "When he stays for four (days) he prays four (Rak'ah)."'
That was reported from him by Qatādah, and 'Aṭā' Al-Khurāsānī. Dāwūd bin Abī Hind reported something from him that contradicts this, and the people of knowledge differed after that.
As for Sufyān Ath-Thawrī and the people of Al-Kūfah, they followed the fifteen day time limit. They said if one intends to stay for fifteen days he completes the Ṣalāt.
Al-Awzā'ī said: If he intends to stay for twelve days he completes the Ṣalāt.
Mālik (bin Anas), Ash-Shāfī'ī, and Aḥmad said: When he intends to stay for four days, he completes the Ṣalāt.
As for Ishāq, he saw that the strongest view was in the Hadīth of Ibn 'Abbās, he said: "Because he related it from the Prophet ﷺ. Then after the Prophet ﷺ, he (Ibn 'Abbās) gave the interpretation of it; that if one intends to stay for nineteen days he completes the Ṣalāt."
Then the people of knowledge agree that the traveler is to shorten his prayer as long as he does not intend to stay somewhere, even if that turns into years.
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Commentary
Shaikh Ubaidullah Mubārakpurī preferred the view of the A'immah of Hijāz, forty eight miles, concerning the distance of shortening the prayer, and he preferred the opinion of Imām Aḥmad about the period of journey. [Mirāt: 2 / 256]
If one intends to stay for three days, he should shorten the prayer; and if the intention is to stay more than that, then he should pray full prayer from the first day. However he is allowed to shorten the prayer while traveling. The preferred view concerning the distance of shortening the prayer is of twenty three kilometres. Allāh knows the truth best!
