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Text and translation
English translation
591. Mu'ādh bin Jabal narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "When one of you comes to the Ṣalāt and (finds) the Imām is in a position, then do as the Imām is doing." (Ḍa'if)
Abū 'Eisā said: This Ḥadīth is Gharīb, we do not know anyone who gave it a chain except for what has been reported from this route. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. They say that when a man comes and the Imām is in prostration, then he is to prostrate, yet that Rak'ah will not be acceptable since he missed the bowing with the Imām.
'Abdullāh bin Al-Mubārak preferred that one prostrate with the Imām, and he mentioned that some scholars said: "Perhaps he will not raise his head from that prostration until he has been forgiven."
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Commentary
It is known from this Ḥadīth that a late follower should join the Imām in whatever position he meets him, and he should not wait for the Imām to stand up; and if the follower joins the Imām in Rukū' (bowing), there are two opinions about him:
a. If he joins in Rukū', then this Rak'ah will be counted, and the majority has this opinion.
b. If a follower joins in Rukū' and he could not catch any part of the standing (Qiyām) in which he could read Al-Fātiḥah, then his Rak'ah will not be counted; because thus he missed two pillars of the prayer, standing and reading Fātiḥah, and reading Fātiḥah, at least, behind the Imām is compulsory. So the Prophet said: 'Pray whatever you catch with the Imām and make up whatever you miss'. Because in this case a latecomer misses both the standing and reading Fātiḥah, therefore this Rak'ah will be made up.
