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Jami at-Tirmidhi

Hadith 1548

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Jami at-Tirmidhi · Hadith 1548

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What Has Been Related About Calling (To Islām) Before Fighting

English source

Darussalam · Volume 3

19. The Chapters On Military Expeditions From The Messenger Of Allāh ﷺ

Jami at-Tirmidhi Darussalam English translation

Arabic source
Shamela Arabic edition (opens in a new tab)

الجزء: 3 ¦ الصفحة: 207

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Text and translation

English translation

1548. Abū Al-Bakhtarī narrated: "An army from the armies of the Muslims, whose commander was Salmān Al-Fārīsī, besieged one of the Persian castles. They said: 'O Abū 'Abdullāh! Should we charge them?' He said: 'Leave me to call them (to Islām) as I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ call them.' So Salmān went to them and said: 'I am only a man from among you, a Persian, and you see that the 'Arabs obey me. If you become Muslims then you will have the likes of what we have, and from you will be required that which is required from us. If you refuse, and keep your religion, then we will leave you to it, and you will give us the Jizyah from your hands while you are submissive' - He said to them in Persian: 'And you are other than praiseworthy' - 'and if you refuse then we will equally resist you.' They said: 'We will not give you the Jizyah, we will fight you instead.' So they said: 'O Abū 'Abdullāh! Should we charge them?" He said: "No." He said: "So for three days he called them to the same (things), and then he said: 'Charge them.'" He said: "So we charged them, and we conquered that castle." (Da'if) [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from An-Nu'mān bin Muqarrin, Ibn 'Umar, and Ibn 'Abbās. The Hadīth of Salmān is a Hasan Hadīth, we do not know of it except as a narration of 'Aṭā' bin As-Sā'ib. I heard Muḥammad saying: "Abū Al-Bakhtārī did not see Salmān because he did not see 'Ali, and Salmān died before 'Ali." Some of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and others followed this Hadīth. They held the view of calling (the enemy to Islām) before fighting. This is the view of Ishāq bin Ibrāhīm. He said: "If they are first called then that is good, since it will be more intimidating." Some of the people of knowledge said there is no calling today. Aḥmad said: "I do not know of anyone who calls today." Ash-Shāfī'i said: "The enemy is not fought until they call them, unless they are in too much of a rush to do that, if it is not done, then the invitation would have been conveyed to them (previously)."

Arabic text

١٥٤٨ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ ‌عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ ‌أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ «أَنَّ جَيْشًا مِنْ جُيُوشِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانَ أَمِيرَهُمْ ‌سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ حَاصَرُوا قَصْرًا مِنْ قُصُورِ فَارِسَ» فَقَالُوا: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ أَلَا نَنْهَدُ إِلَيْهِمْ؟ قَالَ: دَعُونِي أَدْعُهُمْ كَمَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدْعُوهُمْ، فَأَتَاهُمْ سَلْمَانُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْكُمْ فَارِسِيٌّ تَرَوْنَ الْعَرَبَ يُطِيعُونَنِي، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ مِثْلُ الَّذِي لَنَا وَعَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْنَا، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ إِلَّا دِينَكُمْ تَرَكْنَاكُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَأَعْطُونَا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَأَنْتُمْ صَاغِرُونَ. قَالَ: وَرَطَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ وَأَنْتُمْ غَيْرُ مَحْمُودِينَ، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ نَابَذْنَاكُمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ، قَالُوا: مَا نَحْنُ بِالَّذِي نُعْطِي الْجِزْيَةَ، وَلَكِنَّا نُقَاتِلُكُمْ، فَقَالُوا: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ أَلَا نَنْهَدُ إِلَيْهِمْ؟ قَالَ: لَا، فَدَعَاهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْهَدُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، قَالَ: فَنَهَدْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَفَتَحْنَا ذَلِكَ الْقَصْرَ. وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ، وَالنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَحَدِيثُ سَلْمَانَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ. وَسَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدًا يَقُولُ: أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ سَلْمَانَ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَلِيًّا، وَسَلْمَانُ مَاتَ قَبْلَ عَلِيٍّ. وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ إِلَى هَذَا، وَرَأَوْا أَنْ يُدْعَوْا قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: إِنْ تُقُدِّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي الدَّعْوَةِ فَحَسَنٌ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ أَهْيَبَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: لَا دَعْوَةَ الْيَوْمَ، وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: لَا أَعْرِفُ الْيَوْمَ أَحَدًا يُدْعَى. وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يُقَاتَلُ الْعَدُوُّ حَتَّى يُدْعَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْجَلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَقَدْ بَلَغَتْهُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ.

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Commentary

Issues and commands of Jihād and related topics have been taken from the life of the Prophet ﷺ, so the author has discussed these in this distinct chapter entitled “Chapter of As-Siyar” “Military Expeditions”.