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Text and translation
English translation
1561. 'Ubādah bin Aṣ-Ṣāmiṭ narrated: "The Prophet ﷺ used to confer a fourth of the spoils of war in the early part of the expedition, and a third during the return." (Ṣaḥīḥ)
There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbās, Ḥabīb bin Maslamah, Ma'n bin Yazīd, Ibn 'Umar, and Salamah bin Al-Akwa'. The Ḥadīth of 'Ubādah is a Hasan Ḥadīth. This Ḥadīth has also been reported from Abū Salām from a man among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ.
(Another chain) from Ibn 'Abbās that the Prophet ﷺ took his sword Dhul-Fiqār on the Day of Badr, and it is the one that he saw in the dream on the Day of Uḥud.
This Ḥadīth is Hasan Gharīb. We only know of it from this route through the report of Ibn Abī Az-Zinād.
The people of knowledge differ
over giving the Nafl from the Khumus. Mālik bin Anas said: "It has not reached me that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ gave the Nafl during every expedition, but it has been conveyed to me that he gave the Nafl in some of them. That is only done according to the discretion of the Imām during the beginning of the division of the spoils or the end of it."
Ibn Maṣṣūr said: "I said to Aḥmad: 'The Prophet ﷺ gave the Nafl when he divided the fourth, after the Khumus, and when he was returning (he gave) the third from the Khumus.' So he said: 'The Khumus is taken, and then the Nafl is given from what remains, nothing beyond this.'"
[Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is (understood) as Ibn Musayyab said: "The Nafl is from the Khumus." Ishāq said as he said.
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Footnotes
1
[1] An additional gift from the spoils of war that is given to particular fighters.
Commentary
In the start when the army advances for the conflict, troops are fresh and on the way to battlefield. If a company of the Muslim army engages with some enemy regiment, and after defeating them, they acquire some spoils, one fourth share of this will be given to the company in action, and this will be equally distributed among the company members. Similarly on return, when the army is tired after the conflict, a company performing heroic deed on its way back gets a one third share of the spoils.
