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Text and translation
English translation
2632. ‘Abdullāh bin ‘Amr narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: "There are four things that whoever has them, then he is a hypocrite, and
whoever has one attribute from among them, then he has an attribute of hypocrisy, until he leaves it: Whoever lies whenever he speaks, he does not fulfill whenever he promises, he is vulgar whenever he argues, and whenever he makes an agreement he proves treacherous.” (Sahih)
He said: This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.
According to the people of knowledge, this only means the hypocrisy of action, and during the time of the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ there was only hypocrisy of rejection (in the hearts). Similar to this has been narrated from Al-Hasan Al-Baṣrī regarding this, he said: “Hypocrisy is of two types: the hypocrisy of action and the hypocrisy of rejection.”
(Another chain) with similar narration.
[Abū ‘Eisā said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.
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Commentary
Three characteristics are proof of real [practical] hypocrisy, if the fourth one is present too, it will then be the sign of complete hypocrisy, and such a person will be a real hypocrite. Both Aḥādīth prove five characteristics of a hypocrite: 1. telling lies, 2. dishonesty, 3. breaking a treaty, 4. breaking a promise and 5. swearing and the use of abusive language. Breaking a promise and breaking a treaty is one thing, therefore some narrations have the version ‘breaking a treaty’ and some have ‘breaking a promise’. ‘Swearing and abusive language’ is included in ‘telling lies’. If these characteristics become a daily habit, it will then be hypocrisy, and if committed occasionally it will be sin and disobedience.
