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English translation
293. 'Abbās bin Sahl [bin Sa'd] narrated: "Abū Humaid, Abū Usaid, Sahl bin Sa'd, and Muḥammad bin Maslamah were once together and they were mentioning the Ṣalāt of Allāh's Messenger ﷺ. Abū Humaid said: 'I am the most knowledgeable among you of the Ṣalāt of Allāh's Messenger ﷺ: Indeed Allāh's Messenger ﷺ sat – meaning for Tashah-hud – he spread his left foot, and made the top of his right
(foot) face the Qiblah,[1] and he placed his right hand on his right knee, and his left hand on his left knee, and indicated with his finger – meaning the index finger.” (Ḥasan)
Abū ‘Eisā said: This Ḥadīth is Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ. It is the the opinion of some of the people of knowledge.
It is the the opinion of Ash-Shāfi‘ī, Ahmad, and Ishāq. They said: In the last Tashah-hud one sits on the back of his thigh, and they cite the Ḥadīth of Abū Humaid as proof. They say that in the first Tashah-hud one sits on left foot and holds his right foot erect.
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Commentary
Two positions of sitting for Tashah-hud are proven from the Aḥādīth.
Iftirāsh, i.e. to spread the left foot on the ground and sit on it with the right foot erected on the tips upright.
Tawarruk, i.e. sitting on the buttock while protruding the left foot under the right calf and erecting the right foot on the tips. In the opinion of the Ahnāf, the position of Iftirāsh is preferred in the first and second Tashah-hud; Imām Mālik says Tawarruk is better for both Tashah-hud. According to Imām Ahmad, Iftirāsh is in the prayer which has only one Tashah-hud, but if the prayer has two Tashah-hud, then Tawarruk is preferred in the second one; as for Imām Shāfi‘ī, Tawarruk is better if there is a final salutation after the Tashah-hud, but if the final salutation is not due after Tashah-hud (i.e. it is the first Tashah-hud), then in this case Iftirāsh is better. The most authentic way is to perform Iftirāsh in the first Tashah-hud, and to perform Tawarruk in the Tashah-hud after which the final salutation is due. As this is the implication of authentic Ḥadīth of Abū Humaid. This Ḥadīth is also in Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhārī. See Ḥadīth: 828 (Nailul-Awṭār: 2/283)
