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Sunan an-Nasai

Hadith 4153

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Sunan an-Nasai · Hadith 4153

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English source

Darussalam · Volume 5

38. The Book Of The Distribution Of Al-Fay'[1]

Sunan an-Nasai Darussalam English translation

Arabic source
Shamela Arabic edition (opens in a new tab)

الحديث: 4148 ¦ الجزء: 7 ¦ الصفحة: 135

DarussalamṢāḥīḥAl-AlbaniSahih
Al-Albani source references (2)
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Text and translation

English translation

4153. It was narrated that Mâlik bin Aws bin Al-Hadathân said: "Al-'Abbâs and 'Alî came to 'Umar with a dispute. Al-'Abbâs said: 'Pass judgment between him and I.' The people said: 'Pass judgment between them.' 'Umar said: 'I will not pass judgment between them. They know that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: We are not inherited from, what we leave behind is charity. He said: And (in his narration of it) Az-Zuhrî said: 'It (the Khumus) was under the control of the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ, and he took provision for himself and for his family from it, and disposed of the rest of it as he disposed of other wealth (belonging to the Muslims). Then Abû Bakr took control of it, then I took control of it after Abû Bakr, and I did with it what he used to do. Then these two came to me and asked me to give it to them so that they could dispose of it as the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ disposed of it, and as Abû Bakr disposed of it, and as I disposed of it. So I gave it to them and I took promises from them that they would take proper care of it. Then they came to me and this one said: Give me my share from my brother's son, and this one said: Give me my share from my wife. If they want me to give it to them on the condition that they would dispose of it in the same manner as the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ did, and as Abû Bakr did, and as I did, I would give it to them, but if they refuse, then they do not have to worry about it.' Then he said: 'And know that whatever of spoils of war that you may gain, verily, one-fifth of it is assigned to Allāh, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives (of the Messenger (Muḥammad)), (and also) the orphans, Al-Masākīn (the poor) and the wayfarer' (Al-Anfāl 8:41) — this is for them. Aṣ-Ṣadaqāt (here it means Zakāh) are only for the Fuqarā' (poor), and Al-Masākīn (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (toward Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allāh's cause (i.e. for Mujāhidūn — those fighting in a holy battle)[1] — this is for them. 'And what Allāh gave as booty (Fay') to His Messenger (Muḥammad) from them — for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camels.'[2] Az-Zuhrī said: This applies exclusively to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ and refers to an 'Arab village called Faḍak, and so on. What Allāh gave as booty (Fay') to His Messenger (Muḥammad) from the people of the townships — it is for Allāh, His Messenger (Muḥammad), the kindred (of Messenger Muḥammad), the orphans, Al-Masākīn (the poor), and the wayfarer (And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and had adopted the Faith And those who came after them[1] These Verses apply to all the people. There is no one left among the Muslims but he has some right to this wealth, except for some of the slaves whom you own. If I live, if Allâh wills, I will give every Muslim his right." Or he said: "His share." (Ṣāḥīḥ)

Arabic text

4148 - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ: جَاءَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ إِلَى عُمَرَ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: افْصِلْ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَا أَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا، قَدْ عَلِمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» قَالَ: فَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: " وَلِيَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ، وَجَعَلَ سَائِرَهُ سَبِيلَهُ سَبِيلَ الْمَالِ، ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ، ثُمَّ وُلِّيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَصَنَعْتَ فِيهَا الَّذِي كَانَ يَصْنَعُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيَانِي فَسَأَلَانِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِمَا عَلَى أَنْ يَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَالَّذِي وُلِّيتُهَا بِهِ، فَدَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا وَأَخَذْتُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ عُهُودَهُمَا، ثُمَّ أَتَيَانِي يَقُولُ هَذَا: اقْسِمْ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنَ ابْنِ أَخِي، وَيَقُولُ هَذَا: اقْسِمْ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِي، وَإِنْ شَاءَا أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِمَا عَلَى أَنْ يَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَالَّذِي وُلِّيتُهَا بِهِ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا، وَإِنْ أَبَيَا كُفِيَا ذَلِكَ "، ثُمَّ قَالَ: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ} [الأنفال: 41] هَذَا لِهَؤُلَاءِ، {إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ} [التوبة: 60] هَذِهِ لِهَؤُلَاءِ، {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} [الحشر: 6]، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: «هَذِهِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً قُرًى عَرَبِيَّةً فَدْكُ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، فَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ، وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ} [الحشر: 7] وَ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ} [الحشر: 8] {وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا} الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ} " فَاسْتَوْعَبَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ النَّاسَ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا لَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقٌّ، أَوْ قَالَ: حَظٌّ، إِلَّا بَعْضَ مَنْ تَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ أَرِقَّائِكُمْ، وَلَئِنْ عِشْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ حَقُّهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: حَظُّهُ "

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Footnotes

  1. 1

    [1] At-Tawbah 9:60.

  2. 2

    [2] Al-Hashr 59:6.

Commentary

The view of 'Umar ﷺ was that if it is distributed, it would create an impression that perhaps it is their property (particularly so when it is distributed according to the laws of inheritance). While this portrayal is not correct, 'I do not distribute it so that you may both organize it together. If they are not able to do so, it should be handed over to me. I would myself continue to look after it.' Ṣāḥīḥ Al-Bukhârī (see No. 3094) contains a detailed clarification regarding this.