English translation
4152. It was narrated that Muṣāḥid said: “The Khumus that is for Allāh and His Messenger was for the Prophet ﷺ and His relatives; they did not take anything from the Sadaqah. The Prophet ﷺ was allocated one-fifth of the Khumus;
his relatives were allocated one-fifth of the Khumus; the same was allocated to orphans, the poor and the wayfarers.” (Da'if)
Abû 'Abdur-Rahmân (An-Nasâ'î) said: Allâh, the Majestic is He and Praised, said: “And know that whatever of spoils of war that you may gain, verily, one-fifth of it is assigned to Allâh, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives (of the Messenger (Muhammad)), (and also) the orphans, Al-Masâkîn (the poor) and the wayfarer.”[1]
His, the Mighty and Sublime, saying to Allâh starts the speech since everything is of Allâh, the Mighty and Sublime. And perhaps He only opened His speech about the Fay' and the Khumus, mentioning Himself, because that is the noblest of earnings. And He did not attribute Sadaqah to Himself, the Mighty and Sublime, because that is the dirt of people. And Allâh knows best.
It was said that something should be taken from the spoils of war and placed inside the Ka'bah, and this is the share that is for Allâh, the Mighty and Sublime. The share of the Messenger is to be given to the imâm to buy horses and weapons, and to give to whomever he thinks will benefit the people of Islam, and to the people of Hadîth, knowledge, Fiqh and the Qur'an. The share that is for near relatives should be given to Banu Hashim
and Banu Al-Muttalib, rich and poor alike, or it was said that it should be given to the poor among them and not to the rich, such as orphans and wayfarers. This is the view that is more appropriate in my view, and Allāh knows best. And the young and the old, male and female, are equal in that, because Allāh, the Mighty and Sublime, has allocated it to them and the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ distributed it among them, and there is nothing in the Hadīth to indicate that he preferred some of them over others. And there is no scholarly dispute, as far as we know, to suggest that if a man bequeaths one-third of his wealth to such and such a tribe, to be distributed out among them equally, that it should be done otherwise, unless the giver stipulated otherwise. And Allāh is the source of strength. And (there is) a share for the orphans among the Muslims, and a share for the poor among the Muslims, and a share for the wayfarers among the Muslims. No one should be given both a share for the poor and a share for the wayfarer; it is to be said to him: "Take whichever of them you want." And the other four-fifths are to be divided by the imām among those adult Muslims who were present in the battle. (Da'if)
Arabic text
4147 - أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا مَحْبُوبٌ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: الْخُمُسُ الَّذِي لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَرَابَتِهِ، لَا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ شَيْئًا، «فَكَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ، وَلِذِي قَرَابَتِهِ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ، وَلِلْيَتَامَى مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، وَلِلْمَسَاكِينِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، وَلِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ» قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: " قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {لِلَّهِ} [الأنفال: 41] ابْتِدَاءُ كَلَامٍ لِأَنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ كُلَّهَا لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا اسْتَفْتَحَ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَالْخُمُسِ بِذِكْرِ نَفْسِهِ لِأَنَّهَا أَشْرَفُ الْكَسْبِ، وَلَمْ يَنْسِبِ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِأَنَّهَا أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْءٌ فَيُجْعَلُ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ وَهُوَ السَّهْمُ الَّذِي لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَسَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ يَشْتَرِي الْكُرَاعَ مِنْهُ وَالسِّلَاحَ، وَيُعْطِي مِنْهُ مَنْ رَأَى مِمَّنْ رَأَى فِيهِ غَنَاءً وَمَنْفَعَةً لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْقُرْآنِ، وَسَهْمٌ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ بَيْنَهُمُ الْغَنِيُّ مِنْهُمْ وَالْفَقِيرُ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّهُ لِلْفَقِيرِ مِنْهُمْ دُونَ الْغَنِيِّ كَالْيَتَامَى وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ بِالصَّوَابِ عِنْدِي وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ، وَالصَّغِيرُ وَالْكَبِيرُ وَالذَّكَرُ وَالْأُنْثَى سَوَاءٌ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، وَقَسَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا خِلَافَ نَعْلَمُهُ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِي رَجُلٍ لَوْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِهِ لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَنَّ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ إِذَا كَانُوا يُحْصَوْنَ، فَهَكَذَا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ صُيِّرَ لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ ذَلِكَ الْآمِرُ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ التَّوْفِيقِ، وَسَهْمٌ لِلْيَتَامَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَسَهْمٌ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَسَهْمٌ لِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا يُعْطَى أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ سَهْمُ مِسْكِينٍ وَسَهْمُ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ: خُذْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ، وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ يَقْسِمُهَا الْإِمَامُ بَيْنَ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْقِتَالَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْبَالِغِينَ "
