22. The ChaptersOn Wills · Dar al-Hadith

Chapter 1

Did TheMessenger Of Allāh ﷺMake A Will?

Hadith 2695

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2695. It was narrated that 'Aishah said: "The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ did not leave behind a Dinār nor a Dirham, nor a sheep nor a camel, and he did not make a will concerning anything." (Sahih)

Arabic text

2695 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، ح وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، - قَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ - عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا، وَلَا شَاةً وَلَا بَعِيرًا، وَلَا أَوْصَى بِشَيْءٍ "

Hadith 2696

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2696. It was narrated from Mālik bin Mighwal that Talhah bin Musarrif said: "I said to 'Abdullāh bin Abu Awfa: 'Did the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ make a will concerning anything?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'How come he told the Muslims to make wills?' He said: 'He enjoined (them to adhere to) the Book of Allāh.'" Mālik said: "Talhah bin Musarrif said: 'Huzail bin Shurahbil said: "Abu Bakr was granted leadership according to the will of Allāh's Messenger ﷺ?" (Rather) Abu Bakr wished that he found a covenant (in that regard) from Allāh's Messenger ﷺ, so he could fetter his nose with a (camel's) nose ring.'"[1] (Sahih)

Arabic text

2696 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَيْءٍ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَكَيْفَ أَمَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ، قَالَ: «أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ»

publisher commentary

a. The question was about the will of caliphate and Ibn Abu Awfa made it clear that the Prophet ﷺ never made such a will. b. The second question was about the ambiguities as the Noble Prophet ﷺ ordered the Muslims to make will, he must have made one particularly about the caliphate, that 'so-and-so will be the caliph after me.' The answer to this ambiguity was that the Noble Prophet ﷺ ordered acting upon the complete Qur'an. There is an order in the Noble Qur'an "Obey those who are in authority." c. The most important and foremost feature of Abu Bakr's nature was to follow the Noble Prophet ﷺ. Therefore, it was impossible that if the Prophet ﷺ had appointed 'Ali as his caliph, he could have dared to deny the orders of the Prophet ﷺ, rather he would have loved to go to any extent to obey the caliph appointed by the Prophet ﷺ.

Hadith 2697

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2697. It was narrated that Anas bin Mâlik said: "What the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ most enjoined when he was dying and breathing his last was: The prayer; and those whom your right hands possess." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2697 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ عَامَّةُ وَصِيَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ، وَهُوَ يُغَرْغِرُ بِنَفْسِهِ «الصَّلَاةَ، وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ»

Hadith 2698

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2698. It was narrated that 'Ali bin Abu Tâlib said: "The last words of the Prophet ﷺ were: The prayer; and those whom your right hands possess." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2698 - حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي سَهْلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: كَانَ آخِرُ كَلَامِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الصَّلَاةَ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ»

publisher commentary

a. Prayer on time is among the most important obligations in Islam, therefore, the Noble Prophet ﷺ at the time of his departure from this world, emphasized offering prayers regularly and on time. b. Slaves belong to the most destitute class of society, but Islam gave them respect and honor, and they held highly esteemed posts in Islamic society. Kingship of Slave Dynasty, in the subcontinent is a well-known example. c. The last word which can be deemed the last will of the Noble Prophet ﷺ was "O Allāh (with) the highest companions." d. As we make wills regarding worldly matters, in the same way, we ought to make wills concerning duties of the faith. e. The last words or last will of the Noble Prophet ﷺ are equally concerned and relevant to this world and the Hereafter.

Chapter 2

Exhortation To Make A Will

Hadith 2699

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2699. It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "The Muslim man has no right to spend two nights, if he has something for which a will should be made, without having a written will with him." (Sahih)

Arabic text

2699 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَبِيتَ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَلَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ»

Hadith 2700

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniDa‘if

English translation

2700. It was narrated from Anas bin Mālik that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "The one who is deprived is the one who is deprived of a will." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2700 - حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا دُرُسْتُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ الرَّقَاشِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْمَحْرُومُ مَنْ حُرِمَ وَصِيَّتَهُ»

Hadith 2701

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniDa‘if

English translation

2701. It was narrated from Jâbir bin 'Abdullâh that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: "Whoever dies leaving a will, he dies on the right path and Sunnah, and he dies with piety and witness, and he dies forgiven." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2701 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُصَفَّى الْحِمْصِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ مَاتَ عَلَى وَصِيَّةٍ مَاتَ عَلَى سَبِيلٍ وَسُنَّةٍ، وَمَاتَ عَلَى تُقًى وَشَهَادَةٍ، وَمَاتَ مَغْفُورًا لَهُ»

Hadith 2702

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2702. It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet ﷺ said: "The Muslim man has no right to spend two nights, if he has something for which a will should be made, without having a written will with him." (Sahih)

Arabic text

2702 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَلَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي بِهِ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ»

Chapter 3

Injustice In Wills

Hadith 2703

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniDa‘if

English translation

2703. It was narrated from Anas bin Mâlik that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: "Whoever tries to avoid giving the inheritance to his heirs, Allâh will deprive him of his inheritance in Paradise on the Day of Resurrection." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2703 - حَدَّثَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْعَمِّيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ فَرَّ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ وَارِثِهِ، قَطَعَ اللَّهُ مِيرَاثَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»

Hadith 2704

DarussalamHasanAl-AlbaniDa‘if

English translation

2704. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: "A man may do the deeds of the people of goodness for seventy years, then when he makes his will, he is unjust in his will, so he ends (his life) with evil deeds and enters Hell. And a man may do the deeds of the people of evil for seventy years, then he is just in his will, so he ends (his life) with good deeds and enters Paradise." Abu Hurairah said: "Recite, if you wish: 'These are the limits (set by) Allâh' up to His saying: 'a disgraceful torment'"[1] (Hasan)

Arabic text

2704 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، فَإِذَا أَوْصَى حَافَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ، فَيُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِشَرِّ عَمَلِهِ فَيَدْخُلُ النَّارَ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الشَّرِّ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، فَيَعْدِلُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ، فَيُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِخَيْرِ عَمَلِهِ فَيَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ» قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «وَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ» {تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ} [النساء: 13]- إِلَى قَوْلِهِ - {عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ} [البقرة: 90]

Hadith 2705

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniDa‘if

English translation

2705. It was narrated from Mu'âwiyyah bin Qurrah, from his father that the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ said: "Whoever makes a will as death approaches, and his will is in accordance with the Book of Allāh, it will be an expiation for whatever he did not pay of his Zakāh during his lifetime." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2705 - حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَلْبَسٍ، عَنْ خُلَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خُلَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ فَأَوْصَى، فَكَانَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، كَانَتْ كَفَّارَةً لِمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ»

Footnotes

1 [1] An-Nisâ' 4:13, 14.

Chapter 4

The Prohibition Of Withholding While Alive, Only To Squander Upon One's Death

Hadith 2706

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2706. It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: 'O Messenger of Allāh, tell me, which of the people has most right to my good companionship?' He said: 'Yes, by your father, you will certainly be told.'[1] He said: 'Your mother.' He said, 'Then who?' He said: 'Then your mother.' He said: 'Then who?' He said: 'Then your mother.' He said: 'Then who?' He said: 'Then your father.' He said: 'Tell me, O Messenger of Allāh, about my wealth – how should I give in charity?' He said: 'Yes, by Allāh, you will certainly be told. You should give in charity when you are still healthy and greedy for wealth, hoping for a long life and fearing poverty. Do not tarry until your soul reaches here and you say: "My wealth is for so-and-so," and "My wealth is for so-and-so," and it will be for them even though you dislike that." (Sahih)

Arabic text

2706 - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ، وَابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَبِّئْنِي بِأَحَقِّ النَّاسِ مِنِّي بِحُسْنِ الصُّحْبَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَأَبِيكَ لَتُنَبَّأَنَّ أُمُّكَ» . قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ أُمُّكَ» . قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ أُمُّكَ» . قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ أَبُوكَ» . قَالَ: نَبِّئْنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مَالِي كَيْفَ أَتَصَدَّقُ فِيهِ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ، وَاللَّهِ لَتُنَبَّأَنَّ، أَنْ تَصَدَّقَ وَأَنْتَ صَحِيحٌ شَحِيحٌ تَأْمُلُ الْعَيْشَ وَتَخَافُ الْفَقْرَ، وَلَا تُمْهِلْ، حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَتْ نَفْسُكَ هَاهُنَا، قُلْتَ: مَالِي لِفُلَانٍ، وَمَالِي لِفُلَانٍ، وَهُوَ لَهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَرِهْتَ "

publisher commentary

To emphasize one's point swearing by Allāh is legal. Before answering the question, saying words as a start of the talk attracts the listener's attention, as the Noble Prophet ﷺ said, "Yes you will certainly be told." An oath can only be taken by the Name of Allāh. It is not legal to take an oath over other than Allāh's Name, as in authentic Ahādīth it has been made clear. The Prophet ﷺ said; "Verily! Allāh ﷻ forbids you to swear by your fathers. If one has to take an oath he should swear by Allāh or keep quite." (Sahih Al-Bukhārī: 6108.) In this Hadīth the oath taken by the father is either before the time when it was prohibited, or just a part of Arabian culture, as a habitual custom. It was common in Arabia that during conversation some additional words or phrases without any particular intention were added.

Footnotes

1 [1] The commentaries say that it was either the type of statement that comes upon the tongue without intending its actual meaning, or, that this was stated prior to the narrations which forbid swearing by one's father. And some of them said that narrations such as this prove that the prohibition for swearing by one's father are intended to censure, not to make it absolutely prohibited. The second view appears most likely, and is the safest view, and indeed Allāh knows best.

Hadith 2707

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniHasan

English translation

2707. It was narrated that Busr bin Jahhāsh Al-Qurashi that the Prophet ﷺ spat in his palm then pointed to it with his index finger and said: "Allāh says: 'Do you think you can escape from My punishment, O son of Âdam, when I have created you from something like this? When your soul reaches here' — and (the Prophet ﷺ) pointed to his throat — 'You say: I give charity.' But it is too late for charity?" (Sahih)

Arabic text

2707 - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا حَرِيزُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ جَحَّاشٍ الْقُرَشِيِّ قَالَ: بَزَقَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي كَفِّهِ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ أُصْبُعَهُ السَّبَّابَةَ وَقَالَ: " يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَنَّى تُعْجِزُنِي ابْنَ آدَمَ وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ مِثْلِ هَذِهِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ نَفْسُكَ هَذِهِ - وَأَشَارَ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ - قُلْتَ: أَتَصَدَّقُ، وَأَنَّى أَوَانُ الصَّدَقَةِ؟ "

Chapter 5

Making A Will

Hadith 2708

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2708. It was narrated from 'Āmir bin Sa'd that his father said: "I became sick during the year of the Conquest, and was at death's door. The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ came to visit me and I said: 'O Messenger of Allāh, I have a great deal of wealth and no one will inherit from me apart from my daughter. Can I give two thirds of my wealth in charity?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Then half?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'One third?' He said: 'One third, and one third is a lot. If you leave your heirs rich that is better than leaving them destitute and begging from people.'" (Sahih)

Arabic text

2708 - قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ: قَالَ الْهُزَيْلُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ: «أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَتَأَمَّرُ عَلَى وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ وَدَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَهْدًا، فَخَزَمَ أَنْفَهُ بِخِزَامٍ» 2708 - حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، وَسَهْلٌ قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: مَرِضْتُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ حَتَّى أَشْفَيْتُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، فَعَادَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ لِي، أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: «لَا» . قُلْتُ: فَالشَّطْرُ؟ قَالَ: «لَا» . قُلْتُ: فَالثُّلُثُ؟ قَالَ: «الثُّلُثُ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ أَنْ تَتْرُكَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ، خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَتْرُكَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ»

Hadith 2709

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniHasan

English translation

2709. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "Allāh has been charitable with you over the disposal of one third of your wealth at the time of your death, so that you may be able to add to the record of your good deeds." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2709 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ، عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ، بِثُلُثِ أَمْوَالِكُمْ، زِيَادَةً لَكُمْ فِي أَعْمَالِكُمْ»

Hadith 2710

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniDa‘if

English translation

2710. It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "(Allāh says:) O son of Ādam! I have given you two things which you do not deserve (except by the mercy of Allāh): I allow you to dispose of a share of your wealth when you are on your deathbed, in order to cleanse and purify you, and My slaves pray for you after your life is over." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2710 - حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا مُبَارَكُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: «يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، اثْنَتَانِ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَكَ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُمَا، جَعَلْتُ لَكَ نَصِيبًا مِنْ مَالِكَ حِينَ أَخَذْتُ بِكَظَمِكَ، لِأُطَهِّرَكَ بِهِ وَأُزَكِّيَكَ، وَصَلَاةُ عِبَادِي عَلَيْكَ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ أَجَلِكَ»

Hadith 2711

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2711. It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbās said: "I would like the people to reduce (the will) from one third to one quarter, because the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: 'One third is a lot.' (Sahih)

Arabic text

2711 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ غَضُّوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ، لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «الثُّلُثُ كَبِيرٌ - أَوْ كَثِيرٌ»

Chapter 6

There Is No Bequest For An Heir

Hadith 2712

DarussalamHasanAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2712. It was narrated from 'Amr bin Khârijah: "The Prophet ﷺ addressed them when he was on his camel. His camel was chewing its cud and its saliva was dripping between my shoulders. He said: 'Allāh has allocated for each heir his share of the inheritance, so it is not permissible (to make) a bequest for an heir. The child belongs to the bed and the adulterer gets the stone. Whoever claims to belong to someone other than his father, or (a freed slave) who claims that his Walâ[1] is for other than his Mawâli, upon him will be the curse of Allāh, the angels and all the people, and no change nor equitable exchange will be accepted from him.'"[2] Or he said: "No equitable exchange nor change." (Hasan)

Arabic text

2712 - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَارِجَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَهُمْ وَهُوَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَإِنَّ رَاحِلَتَهُ لَتَقْصَعُ بِجِرَّتِهَا، وَإِنَّ لُغَامَهَا لَيَسِيلُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ، قَالَ: " إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَمَ لِكُلِّ وَارِثٍ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَلَا تَجُوزُ لِوَارِثٍ وَصِيَّةٌ. الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ تَوَلَّى غَيْرَ مَوَالِيهِ، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ، لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ - أَوْ قَالَ: عَدْلٌ وَلَا صَرْفٌ - "

publisher commentary

The share of inheritance for the relatives which has been fixed by Allāh, they must get it accordingly. In the case of the share of inheritance for relatives which have not been fixed by Allāh, making an adequate will for them is commanded. By making an excuse for an orphan grandson, allegations are placed on the system of Islamic inheritance. For example one man has two sons, one is alive and the other has died, but the son who has died has a son who is alive. It means the deceased has an orphan grandson who, according to the law of inheritance, is not liable to inherit anything from the property of his grandfather, because in the presence of a close relative from the father's side, a distant relative is not liable of getting any share. In such a rare and uncommon situation, making change in Divine law is a great audacity, whereas a legal way out is available in the laws of inheritance. A person, before his death, can advise giving his orphan grandson an adequate share of his wealth, or the legal heirs can give him some share from their own shares, as they think proper. To make a will in favor of legal heirs is not permitted, because if this will is in accordance with the law of inheritance, there is no need for it, as they get it automatically, and if this is not in accordance with the law of inheritance, it is not legal to carry out in and it will be dismissed by itself. This narration that the child belongs to the bed has already been explained in Hadith no. 2004. Bloodline relationship cannot be changed, that is why in Islam there is no concept of adoption. According to the Islamic point of view, to adopt someone as a son is a great sin. The relationship of Walī is also unchangeable. One who has freed a slave is his Mawālī, and a freed slave cannot say anyone else is his Mawālī as it is a great sin.

Footnotes

1 [1] Referring to the relationship of inheritance between the freed slave and the one who freed him. In most cases, the freed slave's tribe name will be the same as that of the one who freed him. See no. 2609.

2 [2] No Sarf - they say it means no repentance, which is changing from the state of disobedience to the state of obedience; and no Adl - meaning no equity through ransoming. And it is said to be for the purpose of stressing the gravity of the wrong. See explanation by Sindi. See no. 2635.

Hadith 2713

DarussalamHasanAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2713. Shurahbil bin Muslim Al-Khawlāni narrated from Abu Umāmah Al-Bāhilī that he heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ say in his sermon, during the year of the Farewell pilgrimage: "Allāh has given each person who has rights his rights, and there is no bequest for an heir." (Hasan)

Arabic text

2713 - حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ عَامَ حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ»

Hadith 2714

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2714. It was narrated that Anas bin Mâlik said: "I was under the she-camel of the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ and its saliva was dripping between my shoulders, and I heard him say: 'Allâh has given each person who has rights his rights, but there is no bequest for an heir.'" (Sahih)

Arabic text

2714 - حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ شَابُورَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَتَحْتَ نَاقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسِيلُ عَلَيَّ لُعَابُهَا فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، أَلَا لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ»

Chapter 7

Debts Before The Will

Hadith 2715

DarussalamDa'ifAl-AlbaniHasan

English translation

2715. It was narrated that 'Ali said: "The Messenger of Allâh ﷺ ruled that the debts should be paid off before the execution of the will. You recite: '(The distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debts.'[1] The sons of one mother (from the same father) inherit from one another, but not the sons from different mothers (but the same father)." (Da'if)

Arabic text

2715 - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: «قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَقْرَءُونَهَا» : مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ، «وَإِنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ لَيَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ»

Footnotes

1 [1] An-Nisâ' 4:11.

Chapter 8

If A Person Dies Without Having Made A Will, Can Charity Be Given On His Behalf?

Hadith 2716

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2716. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that a man asked the Messenger of Allâh ﷺ: "My father died and left behind wealth, but he did not make a will. Will it expiate for him if I give charity on his behalf?" He said: "Yes." (Sahih)

Arabic text

2716 - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَرْوَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْعُثْمَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي قَدْ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا وَلَمْ يُوصِ، فَهَلْ يُكَفِّرُ عَنْهُ أَنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»

Hadith 2717

DarussalamSahihAl-AlbaniSahih

English translation

2717. It was narrated from 'Aishah that a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: "My mother died unexpectedly and she had not made a will. I think that if she could have spoken, she would have given in charity. Will she have a reward if I give in charity on her behalf, and will I have a reward?" He said: "Yes." (Sahih)

Arabic text

2717 - حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أُمِّي افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا وَلَمْ تُوصِ، وَإِنِّي أَظُنُّهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ لَتَصَدَّقَتْ، فَلَهَا أَجْرٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا وَلِيَ أَجْرٌ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ» بَابُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [النساء: 6]

Chapter 9

Allāh's Saying: "But if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable."[1]

Hadith 2718

DarussalamHasanAl-AlbaniHasan sahih

English translation

2718. It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, that his grandfather said: "A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: 'I do not have anything and I have no wealth, but I have an orphan (under my care) who has wealth.'" He said: "Eat from the wealth of your orphan, without being extravagant or use it for trade." He (the narrator) said: "And I think he said: 'Do not preserve your wealth using his instead.'" (Hasan)

Arabic text

2718 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْأَزْهَرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ شَيْئًا وَلَيْسَ لِي مَالٌ، وَلِي يَتِيمٌ لَهُ مَالٌ، قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كُلْ مِنْ مَالِ يَتِيمِكَ، غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ وَلَا مُتَأَثِّلٍ مَالًا - قَالَ: وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: - وَلَا تَقِي مَالَكَ بِمَالِهِ "