28. Chapters On Waṣāyā (Wills And Testaments) From The Messenger Of Allāh ﷺ

English translation

2116. ‘Āmir bin Sa’d bin Abī Waqqas narrated from his father who said: “I was ill during the year of the Conquest (of Makkah) with an illness bringing me to the brink of death. So the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ came to visit me, and I said: ‘O Messenger of Allāh! Indeed I have a great deal of wealth and I do not have any heirs except my daughter, so should I will all of my wealth?’ He said: ‘No.’ I said: ‘Then two-thirds of my wealth?’ He said: ‘No.’ I said: ‘Then half?’ He said: ‘No.’ I said: ‘Then a third?’ He said: ‘A third, and a third is too much. If you leave your heirs without need it is better than to leave them in poverty begging from the people. Indeed you do not do any spending (on you family) except that you are rewarded for it, even the morsel of food you raise to your wife’s mouth.’” He said: “I said: ‘Will I be left behind from my emigration?'[1] He said: 'You will not be left behind after me, and do righteous deeds intending Allāh's Face, except that it will add to your elevation in rank. Perhaps you will remain until some people benefit from you and others will be harmed by you. O Allāh! Complete the emigration of my Companions and do not turn them on their heels. But the case of Sa'd bin Khawlah is sad.'" the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ felt sorry for him dying in Makkah. (Ṣaḥīḥ) [Abū 'Eisā said:] There is a narration on this topic from Ibn 'Abbās. This Hadīth is Hasan Ṣaḥīḥ, and this Hadīth has been reported from Sa'd bin Abī Waqqāṣ through others routes. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge: A man is not to will more than a third. Some of the people of knowledge considered it recommended to make it less than a third, due to the saying of the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ: "And a third is too much."

Arabic text

٢١١٦ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ‌الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ‌عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ ‌أَبِيهِ قَالَ «مَرِضْتُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ» مَرَضًا أَشْفَيْتُ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، فَأَتَانِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُودُنِي فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا، وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَتِي أَفَأُوصِي بِمَالِي كُلِّهِ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قُلْتُ: فَثُلُثَيْ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: لَا. قُلْتُ: فَالشَّطْرُ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قُلْتُ: فَالثُّلُثُ؟ قَالَ: الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ، إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ، وَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ فِيهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِكَ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أُخَلَّفُ عَنْ هِجْرَتِي؟ قَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُخَلَّفَ بَعْدِي فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا تُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللهِ إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ رِفْعَةً وَدَرَجَةً، وَلَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ، لَكِنِ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ بْنُ خَوْلَةَ. يَرْثِي لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ. وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ. وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُوصِيَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ، وَقَدِ اسْتَحَبَّ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ.

English translation

2117. Abū Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "Indeed a man, and a woman, perform deeds in obedience to Allāh for sixty years, then death presents itself to them, and they cause such harm in the will that the Fire becomes warranted for them." Then he recited: After payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeathed or debts, without causing harm. This is a Commandment from Allāh... up to His saying: That is the magnificent success.[1] (Hasan) [Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Hasan [Ṣaḥīḥ] Gharīb from this route, and Naṣr bin 'Alī (a narrator in the chain) who reported from Al-Ash'ath bin Jābir is the grandfather of Naṣr bin 'Alī Al-Jahḍamī.

Arabic text

٢١١٧ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَهُوَ جَدُّ هَذَا النَّصْرِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ ‌شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ ‌أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ بِطَاعَةِ اللهِ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَحْضُرُهُمَا الْمَوْتُ فَيُضَارَّانِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، فَتَجِبُ لَهُمَا النَّارُ». ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللهِ} - إِلَى قَوْلِهِ - {وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ}. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ. وَنَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ هُوَ جَدُّ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيِّ.

English translation

2118. Ibn 'Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: "It is not right for a Muslim man to spend two nights, having what he would will, without having his will written with him." (Ṣaḥīḥ) [Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ. A similar narration has been reported from Az-Zuhri, from Sālim, from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet ﷺ.

Arabic text

٢١١٨ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ ‌أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ ‌نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ‌ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَا حَقُّ» امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَلَهُ مَا يُوصِي فِيهِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ.

English translation

2119. Ṭalḥaḥ bin Muṣarrif said: "I said to Ibn Abī Awfā: 'Did the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ leave a will?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'How is the will written, and how was it enjoined upon the people?' He said: 'It was ordered in the Book of Allāh, Most High.'" (Ṣaḥīḥ) [Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ [Gharīb]. We do not know of it except through the narration of Mālik bin Mighwal.

Arabic text

٢١١٩ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌أَبُو قَطَنٍ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ ‌طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ: «قُلْتُ ‌لِابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى : أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: كَيْفَ كُتِبَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ، وَكَيْفَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ؟ قَالَ: أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللهِ». هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ. لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ.

English translation

2120. Abū Umāmah said: "During the year of the Farwell Pilgrimage, I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ saying in his Khutbah: 'Indeed Allāh, Most Blessed and Most High, has given the right due to everyone deserving a right. So there is no will for an heir, the child is for the bed, and for the fornicator is the stone,[1] and their reckoning is for Allāh, Most High. And whoever claims someone other than his father, or an affiliations with other than his Mawālī, then upon him is the continued curse of Allāh until the Day of Judgement. The wife is not to spend from her husband's house except with her husband's permission.' They said: 'O Messenger of Allāh! Not even food?' He said: 'That is the most virtuous of our wealth.' And he said: 'The borrowed is to be returned, the endowment is to be refunded, and the debt is to be repaid, and the guarantor is responsible.”[1] (Hasan) [Abū ‘Eisā said:] There are narrations on this topic from ‘Amr bin Khārijah and Anas bin Mālik. This Hadīth is Hasan [Sahīh], and it has been reported from Abū Umāmah from the Prophet ﷺ through routes other than this. The narrations of Ismā‘īl bin ‘Ayyāsh from the people of Al-‘Irāq and the people of Al-Hijāz are not that strong where he is alone in reporting it, because he reported Munkar narrations from them. His narrations from the people of Ash-Shām are more reliable. This is what Muḥammad bin Ismā‘īl said. He said: I heard Aḥmad bin Al-Ḥasan saying: “Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal said: ‘The condition of Ismā‘īl bin ‘Ayyāsh is better than that of Baqiyyah, and Baqiyyah has Munkar narrations from trustworthy narrators.’” And I heard ‘Abdullāh bin ‘Abdur-Raḥmān saying: “I heard Zakariyyā bin ‘Adī saying: ‘Abū Ishāq Al-Fazārī said: “Take what Baqiyyah narrated from trustworthy narrators, and do not take what Ismā‘īl bin ‘Ayyāsh narrated from trustworthy narrators, nor [from] those who are not trustworthy.”

Arabic text

٢١٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ ‌وَهَنَّادٌ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا ‌إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ ، عَنْ ‌أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ «سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ»: إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَدْ أَعْطَى لِكُلِّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ، الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ أَوِ انْتَمَى إِلَى غَيْرِ مَوَالِيهِ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ التَّابِعَةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، لَا تُنْفِقِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَلَا الطَّعَامَ؟ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ أَمْوَالِنَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: الْعَارِيَةُ مُؤَدَّاةٌ، وَالْمِنْحَةُ مَرْدُودَةٌ، وَالدَّيْنُ مَقْضِيٌّ، وَالزَّعِيمُ غَارِمٌ. وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَارِجَةَ، وَأَنَسٍ. وَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَرِوَايَةُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَأَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ لَيْسَ بِذَلِكَ فِيمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ رَوَى عَنْهُمْ مَنَاكِيرَ، وَرِوَايَتُهُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ أَصَحُّ، هَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ. سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ أَصْلَحُ بَدَنًا مِنْ بَقِيَّةَ. وَلِبَقِيَّةَ أَحَادِيثُ مَنَاكِيرُ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ. وَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنَ عَدِيٍّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ: خُذُوا عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ مَا حَدَّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ، وَلَا تَأْخُذُوا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ مَا حَدَّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ وَلَا غَيْرِ الثِّقَاتِ.

English translation

2121. Amr bin Khārajah narrated: "The Prophet ﷺ gave a Khutbah upon his she-camel, while I was under the front of her neck, and she was chewing her cud, with her saliva dripping between my shoulders. I heard him saying: 'Indeed Allāh, Most Blessed and Most High, has given the right due to every one deserving a right. So there is no will for an heir, the child is for the bed, and for the fornicator is the stone.'" (Hasan) [Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Hasan Ṣaḥīḥ.

Arabic text

٢١٢١ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ ‌قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ ‌شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ ، عَنْ ‌عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ، عَنْ ‌عَمْرِو بْنِ خَارِجَةَ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ وَأَنَا تَحْتَ جِرَانِهَا»، وَهِيَ تَقْصَعُ بِجِرَّتِهَا، وَإِنَّ لُعَابَهَا يَسِيلُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ اللهَ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، وَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ، وَالْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ أَوِ انْتَمَى إِلَى غَيْرِ مَوَالِيهِ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُمْ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللهُ مِنْهُ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا. وَسَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: لَا أُبَالِي بِحَدِيثِ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ. وَسَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ فَوَثَّقَهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يَتَكَلَّمُ فِيهِ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، ثُمَّ رَوَى ابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَبِي زَيْنَبَ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.

English translation

2122. Al-Hārīth narrated from 'Alī: "The Prophet ﷺ judged with the debt before the will, and you people recite the will before the debt." (Hasan) [Abū 'Eisā said:] This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge in general; the debt is to be (settled) before the will.

Arabic text

٢١٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ ‌أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ ، عَنِ ‌الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ ‌عَلِيٍّ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ»، وَأَنْتُمْ تُقِرُّونَ الْوَصِيَّةَ قَبْلَ الدَّيْنِ. وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ عَامَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّهُ يُبْدَأُ بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ.

English translation

2123. Abū Ḥabībah Aṭ-Ṭā'ī said: "My brother willed a portion of his wealth to me. So I met Abū Ad-Dardā' and said: 'My brother has willed a portion of his wealth to me, so where do you suggest that I should give it - to the poor, the needy, or the Mujāhidīn in Allāh's Cause?' He said: 'As for me, then I would not consider them equal to the Mujāhidīn. I heard the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ saying: "The parable of the one who frees a slave at the time of his death is that of the one who gives a gift when he is satisfied (fulfilled his needs)." (Ḥasan) [Abū 'Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ.

Arabic text

٢١٢٣ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌بُنْدَارٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ ‌أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ ‌أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ الطَّائِيِّ قَالَ: «أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ أَخِي بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَلَقِيتُ ‌أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ » فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَخِي أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَأَيْنَ تَرَى لِي وَضْعَهُ: فِي الْفُقَرَاءِ، أَوِ الْمَسَاكِينِ، أَوِ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَوْ كُنْتُ لَمْ أَعْدِلْ بِالْمُجَاهِدِينَ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: مَثَلُ الَّذِي يُعْتِقُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يُهْدِي إِذَا شَبِعَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.

English translation

2124. ‘Urwah narrated that ‘Āishah had informed him that Barīrah came to her (‘Āishah) seeking her help for her writ of emancipation, and she had not yet paid anything for her writ of emancipation. So ‘Āishah said to her: “Return to your people, and if they agree to me paying for your writ of emancipation and that your Walā’ will be for me, then I will do so.” So Barīrah mentioned that to her people and they refused. They said: “If she wants the reward for (freeing) you while the Walā’ is for us, then let her do it.” So I mentioned that to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: “Buy her, then free her, for the Walā’ is only for the one who frees.” Then the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ stood and said: “What is the case of people who make conditions that are not in Allāh’s Book? Whoever makes a condition that is not in Allāh’s Book, then it will not be so for him, even if he were to make a condition a hundred times.” (Ṣaḥīḥ) [Abū ‘Eisā said:] This Hadīth is Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ, and it has been reported through more than one route from 'Āishah. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge, the Walā' is for the one who does the freeing.

Arabic text

٢١٢٤ - حَدَّثَنَا ‌قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ‌اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ‌ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ ‌عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ ‌عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ «أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ» جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُ عَائِشَةَ فِي كِتَابَتِهَا، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ: ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ، وَيَكُونَ لِي وَلَاؤُكِ فَعَلْتُ. فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا، وَقَالُوا: إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ، وَيَكُونَ لَنَا وَلَاؤُكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ. فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ابْتَاعِي فَأَعْتِقِي، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ. ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ. وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.